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+[[!meta title="How do I make a file accessible to Apache? (I'm getting a 401 Forbidden error)"]]
+## To mark a single file accessible to Apache
+
+You can run
+    chmod 777 FILENAME
+
+to make a single file named FILENAME accessible to the Apache web
+server.
+## To mark an entire directory world-readable
+
+If you want to make an entire directory world-readable, you can
+change its AFS access control list in order to do so. You can do so
+by “cd”-ing to the directory and then running
+    fs sa . system:anyuser read
+
+(You should run these commands on an Athena workstation or dialup,
+instead of directly on the scripts servers.)
+It may take some time for Scripts to pick up the permission
+changes; you can speed up the process by running
+    athrun scripts for-each-server fs flushv
+
+If you would like to make programs that are normally executable
+downloadable by the user, you will also need to create a .htaccess
+file containing the following:
+
+<Files \*\>  
+SetHandler none  
+</Files\>
+
+This instructs Apache to pass the files through directly, rather
+than attempting to interpret them as code.
+
+## Technical Information
+
+The file system on Athena (AFS) usually ignores chmod modes, but
+scripts.mit.edu normally restricts AFS access to a home directory
+to the owner of that home directory. However, the special mode 777
+has special meaning on scripts.mit.edu (we run a modified AFS
+client), and indicates that the Apache web server may directly
+access the file. No other chmod modes will have the same effect.
+
+This is usually not needed for actual scripts or even most static
+content (such as .html files), since those files are accessed via
+your user account. It was previously needed for .htaccess files,
+but now (as of June 2009) Apache is given implicit read permission
+on all files whose names begin with “.ht”, such as .htaccess and
+.htpasswd.
+
+
+