]> scripts.mit.edu Git - autoinstallsdev/mediawiki.git/blobdiff - includes/api/ApiFormatJson_json.php
MediaWiki 1.15.0
[autoinstallsdev/mediawiki.git] / includes / api / ApiFormatJson_json.php
index 4b29ff564527c2b3dacd93d77faab2529137184d..8cb3606d23e33ecc88942d41f77115fa41cb809a 100644 (file)
 * USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
 * DAMAGE.
 *
-* @ingroup     API
-* @author      Michal Migurski <mike-json@teczno.com>
-* @author      Matt Knapp <mdknapp[at]gmail[dot]com>
-* @author      Brett Stimmerman <brettstimmerman[at]gmail[dot]com>
-* @copyright   2005 Michal Migurski
-* @version     CVS: $Id: ApiFormatJson_json.php 45682 2009-01-12 19:06:33Z raymond $
-* @license     http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
-* @see         http://pear.php.net/pepr/pepr-proposal-show.php?id=198
+* @ingroup API
+* @author Michal Migurski <mike-json@teczno.com>
+* @author Matt Knapp <mdknapp[at]gmail[dot]com>
+* @author Brett Stimmerman <brettstimmerman[at]gmail[dot]com>
+* @copyright 2005 Michal Migurski
+* @version CVS: $Id: ApiFormatJson_json.php 45765 2009-01-15 10:18:44Z catrope $
+* @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
+* @see http://pear.php.net/pepr/pepr-proposal-show.php?id=198
 */
 
 /**
@@ -115,715 +115,715 @@ define('SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS', 32);
  */
 class Services_JSON
 {
-   /**
-    * constructs a new JSON instance
-    *
-    * @param    int     $use    object behavior flags; combine with boolean-OR
-    *
-    *                           possible values:
-    *                           - SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE:  loose typing.
-    *                                   "{...}" syntax creates associative arrays
-    *                                   instead of objects in decode().
-    *                           - SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS:  error suppression.
-    *                                   Values which can't be encoded (e.g. resources)
-    *                                   appear as NULL instead of throwing errors.
-    *                                   By default, a deeply-nested resource will
-    *                                   bubble up with an error, so all return values
-    *                                   from encode() should be checked with isError()
-    */
-    function Services_JSON($use = 0)
-    {
-        $this->use = $use;
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * convert a string from one UTF-16 char to one UTF-8 char
-    *
-    * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
-    * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
-    * that lack the multibye string extension.
-    *
-    * @param    string  $utf16  UTF-16 character
-    * @return   string  UTF-8 character
-    * @access   private
-    */
-    function utf162utf8($utf16)
-    {
-        // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
-        if(function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
-            return mb_convert_encoding($utf16, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16');
-        }
-
-        $bytes = (ord($utf16{0}) << 8) | ord($utf16{1});
-
-        switch(true) {
-            case ((0x7F & $bytes) == $bytes):
-                // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
-                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                return chr(0x7F & $bytes);
-
-            case (0x07FF & $bytes) == $bytes:
-                // return a 2-byte UTF-8 character
-                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                return chr(0xC0 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x1F))
-                     . chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
-
-            case (0xFC00 & $bytes) == 0xD800 && strlen($utf16) >= 4 && (0xFC & ord($utf16{2})) == 0xDC:
-                // return a 4-byte UTF-8 character
-                $char = ((($bytes & 0x03FF) << 10)
-                       | ((ord($utf16{2}) & 0x03) << 8)
-                       | ord($utf16{3}));
-                $char += 0x10000;
-                return chr(0xF0 | (($char >> 18) & 0x07))
-                     . chr(0x80 | (($char >> 12) & 0x3F))
-                     . chr(0x80 | (($char >> 6) & 0x3F))
-                     . chr(0x80 | ($char & 0x3F));
-
-            case (0xFFFF & $bytes) == $bytes:
-                // return a 3-byte UTF-8 character
-                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                return chr(0xE0 | (($bytes >> 12) & 0x0F))
-                     . chr(0x80 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x3F))
-                     . chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
-        }
-
-        // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
-        return '';
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * convert a string from one UTF-8 char to one UTF-16 char
-    *
-    * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
-    * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
-    * that lack the multibye string extension.
-    *
-    * @param    string  $utf8   UTF-8 character
-    * @return   string  UTF-16 character
-    * @access   private
-    */
-    function utf82utf16($utf8)
-    {
-        // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
-        if(function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
-            return mb_convert_encoding($utf8, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
-        }
-
-        switch(strlen($utf8)) {
-            case 1:
-                // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
-                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                return $utf8;
-
-            case 2:
-                // return a UTF-16 character from a 2-byte UTF-8 char
-                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                return chr(0x07 & (ord($utf8{0}) >> 2))
-                     . chr((0xC0 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 6))
-                         | (0x3F & ord($utf8{1})));
-
-            case 3:
-                // return a UTF-16 character from a 3-byte UTF-8 char
-                // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                return chr((0xF0 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 4))
-                         | (0x0F & (ord($utf8{1}) >> 2)))
-                     . chr((0xC0 & (ord($utf8{1}) << 6))
-                         | (0x7F & ord($utf8{2})));
-
-            case 4:
-                // return a UTF-16 surrogate pair from a 4-byte UTF-8 char
-                if(ord($utf8{0}) > 0xF4) return ''; # invalid
-                $char = ((0x1C0000 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 18))
-                       | (0x03F000 & (ord($utf8{1}) << 12))
-                       | (0x000FC0 & (ord($utf8{2}) << 6))
-                       | (0x00003F & ord($utf8{3})));
-                if($char > 0x10FFFF) return ''; # invalid
-                $char -= 0x10000;
-                return chr(0xD8 | (($char >> 18) & 0x03))
-                     . chr(($char >> 10) & 0xFF)
-                     . chr(0xDC | (($char >> 8) & 0x03))
-                     . chr($char & 0xFF);
-        }
-
-        // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
-        return '';
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format
-    *
-    * @param    mixed   $var    any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
-    *                           see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
-    *                           if var is a strng, note that encode() always expects it
-    *                           to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-    * @param    bool    $pretty    pretty-print output with indents and newlines
-    *
-    * @return   mixed   JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
-    * @access   public
-    */
-    function encode($var, $pretty=false)
-    {
-        $this->indent = 0;
-        $this->pretty = $pretty;
-        $this->nameValSeparator = $pretty ? ': ' : ':';
-        return $this->encode2($var);
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format
-    *
-    * @param    mixed   $var    any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
-    *                           see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
-    *                           if var is a strng, note that encode() always expects it
-    *                           to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-    *
-    * @return   mixed   JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
-    * @access   private
-    */
-    function encode2($var)
-    {
-        if ($this->pretty) {
-            $close = "\n" . str_repeat("\t", $this->indent);
-            $open = $close . "\t";
-            $mid = ',' . $open;
-        }
-        else {
-            $open = $close = '';
-            $mid = ',';
-        }
-
-        switch (gettype($var)) {
-            case 'boolean':
-                return $var ? 'true' : 'false';
-
-            case 'NULL':
-                return 'null';
-
-            case 'integer':
-                return (int) $var;
-
-            case 'double':
-            case 'float':
-                return (float) $var;
-
-            case 'string':
-                // STRINGS ARE EXPECTED TO BE IN ASCII OR UTF-8 FORMAT
-                $ascii = '';
-                $strlen_var = strlen($var);
-
-               /*
-                * Iterate over every character in the string,
-                * escaping with a slash or encoding to UTF-8 where necessary
-                */
-                for ($c = 0; $c < $strlen_var; ++$c) {
-
-                    $ord_var_c = ord($var{$c});
-
-                    switch (true) {
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x08:
-                            $ascii .= '\b';
-                            break;
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x09:
-                            $ascii .= '\t';
-                            break;
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x0A:
-                            $ascii .= '\n';
-                            break;
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x0C:
-                            $ascii .= '\f';
-                            break;
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x0D:
-                            $ascii .= '\r';
-                            break;
-
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x22:
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x2F:
-                        case $ord_var_c == 0x5C:
-                            // double quote, slash, slosh
-                            $ascii .= '\\'.$var{$c};
-                            break;
-
-                        case (($ord_var_c >= 0x20) && ($ord_var_c <= 0x7F)):
-                            // characters U-00000000 - U-0000007F (same as ASCII)
-                            $ascii .= $var{$c};
-                            break;
-
-                        case (($ord_var_c & 0xE0) == 0xC0):
-                            // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
-                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c, ord($var{$c + 1}));
-                            $c += 1;
-                            $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
-                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
-                            break;
-
-                        case (($ord_var_c & 0xF0) == 0xE0):
-                            // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
-                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
-                                         ord($var{$c + 1}),
-                                         ord($var{$c + 2}));
-                            $c += 2;
-                            $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
-                            $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
-                            break;
-
-                        case (($ord_var_c & 0xF8) == 0xF0):
-                            // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
-                            // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                            // These will always return a surrogate pair
-                            $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
-                                         ord($var{$c + 1}),
-                                         ord($var{$c + 2}),
-                                         ord($var{$c + 3}));
-                            $c += 3;
-                            $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
-                            if($utf16 == '') {
-                                $ascii .= '\ufffd';
-                            } else {
-                                $utf16 = str_split($utf16, 2);
-                                $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16[0]), bin2hex($utf16[1]));
-                            }
-                            break;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return '"'.$ascii.'"';
-
-            case 'array':
-               /*
-                * As per JSON spec if any array key is not an integer
-                * we must treat the the whole array as an object. We
-                * also try to catch a sparsely populated associative
-                * array with numeric keys here because some JS engines
-                * will create an array with empty indexes up to
-                * max_index which can cause memory issues and because
-                * the keys, which may be relevant, will be remapped
-                * otherwise.
-                *
-                * As per the ECMA and JSON specification an object may
-                * have any string as a property. Unfortunately due to
-                * a hole in the ECMA specification if the key is a
-                * ECMA reserved word or starts with a digit the
-                * parameter is only accessible using ECMAScript's
-                * bracket notation.
-                */
-
-                // treat as a JSON object
-                if (is_array($var) && count($var) && (array_keys($var) !== range(0, sizeof($var) - 1))) {
-                    $this->indent++;
-                    $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
-                                            array_keys($var),
-                                            array_values($var));
-                    $this->indent--;
-
-                    foreach($properties as $property) {
-                        if(Services_JSON::isError($property)) {
-                            return $property;
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    return '{' . $open . join($mid, $properties) . $close . '}';
-                }
-
-                // treat it like a regular array
-                $this->indent++;
-                $elements = array_map(array($this, 'encode2'), $var);
-                $this->indent--;
-
-                foreach($elements as $element) {
-                    if(Services_JSON::isError($element)) {
-                        return $element;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return '[' . $open . join($mid, $elements) . $close . ']';
-
-            case 'object':
-                $vars = get_object_vars($var);
-
-                $this->indent++;
-                $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
-                                        array_keys($vars),
-                                        array_values($vars));
-                $this->indent--;
-
-                foreach($properties as $property) {
-                    if(Services_JSON::isError($property)) {
-                        return $property;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                return '{' . $open . join($mid, $properties) . $close . '}';
-
-            default:
-                return ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS)
-                    ? 'null'
-                    : new Services_JSON_Error(gettype($var)." can not be encoded as JSON string");
-        }
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * array-walking function for use in generating JSON-formatted name-value pairs
-    *
-    * @param    string  $name   name of key to use
-    * @param    mixed   $value  reference to an array element to be encoded
-    *
-    * @return   string  JSON-formatted name-value pair, like '"name":value'
-    * @access   private
-    */
-    function name_value($name, $value)
-    {
-        $encoded_value = $this->encode2($value);
-
-        if(Services_JSON::isError($encoded_value)) {
-            return $encoded_value;
-        }
-
-        return $this->encode2(strval($name)) . $this->nameValSeparator . $encoded_value;
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * reduce a string by removing leading and trailing comments and whitespace
-    *
-    * @param    $str    string      string value to strip of comments and whitespace
-    *
-    * @return   string  string value stripped of comments and whitespace
-    * @access   private
-    */
-    function reduce_string($str)
-    {
-        $str = preg_replace(array(
-
-                // eliminate single line comments in '// ...' form
-                '#^\s*//(.+)$#m',
-
-                // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at start of string
-                '#^\s*/\*(.+)\*/#Us',
-
-                // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at end of string
-                '#/\*(.+)\*/\s*$#Us'
-
-            ), '', $str);
-
-        // eliminate extraneous space
-        return trim($str);
-    }
-
-   /**
-    * decodes a JSON string into appropriate variable
-    *
-    * @param    string  $str    JSON-formatted string
-    *
-    * @return   mixed   number, boolean, string, array, or object
-    *                   corresponding to given JSON input string.
-    *                   See argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for object-output behavior.
-    *                   Note that decode() always returns strings
-    *                   in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-    * @access   public
-    */
-    function decode($str)
-    {
-        $str = $this->reduce_string($str);
-
-        switch (strtolower($str)) {
-            case 'true':
-                return true;
-
-            case 'false':
-                return false;
-
-            case 'null':
-                return null;
-
-            default:
-                $m = array();
-
-                if (is_numeric($str)) {
-                    // Lookie-loo, it's a number
-
-                    // This would work on its own, but I'm trying to be
-                    // good about returning integers where appropriate:
-                    // return (float)$str;
-
-                    // Return float or int, as appropriate
-                    return ((float)$str == (integer)$str)
-                        ? (integer)$str
-                        : (float)$str;
-
-                } elseif (preg_match('/^("|\').*(\1)$/s', $str, $m) && $m[1] == $m[2]) {
-                    // STRINGS RETURNED IN UTF-8 FORMAT
-                    $delim = substr($str, 0, 1);
-                    $chrs = substr($str, 1, -1);
-                    $utf8 = '';
-                    $strlen_chrs = strlen($chrs);
-
-                    for ($c = 0; $c < $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {
-
-                        $substr_chrs_c_2 = substr($chrs, $c, 2);
-                        $ord_chrs_c = ord($chrs{$c});
-
-                        switch (true) {
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\b':
-                                $utf8 .= chr(0x08);
-                                ++$c;
-                                break;
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\t':
-                                $utf8 .= chr(0x09);
-                                ++$c;
-                                break;
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\n':
-                                $utf8 .= chr(0x0A);
-                                ++$c;
-                                break;
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\f':
-                                $utf8 .= chr(0x0C);
-                                ++$c;
-                                break;
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\r':
-                                $utf8 .= chr(0x0D);
-                                ++$c;
-                                break;
-
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\"':
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\'':
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\\':
-                            case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\/':
-                                if (($delim == '"' && $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\\'') ||
-                                   ($delim == "'" && $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\"')) {
-                                    $utf8 .= $chrs{++$c};
-                                }
-                                break;
-
-                            case preg_match('/\\\uD[89AB][0-9A-F]{2}\\\uD[C-F][0-9A-F]{2}/i', substr($chrs, $c, 12)):
-                                // escaped unicode surrogate pair
-                                $utf16 = chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
-                                       . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)))
-                                       . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 8), 2)))
-                                       . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 10), 2)));
-                                $utf8 .= $this->utf162utf8($utf16);
-                                $c += 11;
-                                break;
-
-                            case preg_match('/\\\u[0-9A-F]{4}/i', substr($chrs, $c, 6)):
-                                // single, escaped unicode character
-                                $utf16 = chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
-                                       . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)));
-                                $utf8 .= $this->utf162utf8($utf16);
-                                $c += 5;
-                                break;
-
-                            case ($ord_chrs_c >= 0x20) && ($ord_chrs_c <= 0x7F):
-                                $utf8 .= $chrs{$c};
-                                break;
-
-                            case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xE0) == 0xC0:
-                                // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
-                                //see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 2);
-                                ++$c;
-                                break;
-
-                            case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xF0) == 0xE0:
-                                // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
-                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 3);
-                                $c += 2;
-                                break;
-
-                            case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xF8) == 0xF0:
-                                // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
-                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 4);
-                                $c += 3;
-                                break;
-
-                            case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xFC) == 0xF8:
-                                // characters U-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF, mask 111110XX
-                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 5);
-                                $c += 4;
-                                break;
-
-                            case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xFE) == 0xFC:
-                                // characters U-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF, mask 1111110X
-                                // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 6);
-                                $c += 5;
-                                break;
-
-                        }
-
-                    }
-
-                    return $utf8;
-
-                } elseif (preg_match('/^\[.*\]$/s', $str) || preg_match('/^\{.*\}$/s', $str)) {
-                    // array, or object notation
-
-                    if ($str{0} == '[') {
-                        $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR);
-                        $arr = array();
-                    } else {
-                        if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
-                            $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
-                            $obj = array();
-                        } else {
-                            $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
-                            $obj = new stdClass();
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    array_push($stk, array('what'  => SERVICES_JSON_SLICE,
-                                           'where' => 0,
-                                           'delim' => false));
-
-                    $chrs = substr($str, 1, -1);
-                    $chrs = $this->reduce_string($chrs);
-
-                    if ($chrs == '') {
-                        if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
-                            return $arr;
-
-                        } else {
-                            return $obj;
-
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    //print("\nparsing {$chrs}\n");
-
-                    $strlen_chrs = strlen($chrs);
-
-                    for ($c = 0; $c <= $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {
-
-                        $top = end($stk);
-                        $substr_chrs_c_2 = substr($chrs, $c, 2);
-
-                        if (($c == $strlen_chrs) || (($chrs{$c} == ',') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_SLICE))) {
-                            // found a comma that is not inside a string, array, etc.,
-                            // OR we've reached the end of the character list
-                            $slice = substr($chrs, $top['where'], ($c - $top['where']));
-                            array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, 'where' => ($c + 1), 'delim' => false));
-                            //print("Found split at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                            if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
-                                // we are in an array, so just push an element onto the stack
-                                array_push($arr, $this->decode($slice));
-
-                            } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
-                                // we are in an object, so figure
-                                // out the property name and set an
-                                // element in an associative array,
-                                // for now
-                                $parts = array();
-
-                                if (preg_match('/^\s*(["\'].*[^\\\]["\'])\s*:\s*(\S.*),?$/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
-                                    // "name":value pair
-                                    $key = $this->decode($parts[1]);
-                                    $val = $this->decode($parts[2]);
-
-                                    if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
-                                        $obj[$key] = $val;
-                                    } else {
-                                        $obj->$key = $val;
-                                    }
-                                } elseif (preg_match('/^\s*(\w+)\s*:\s*(\S.*),?$/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
-                                    // name:value pair, where name is unquoted
-                                    $key = $parts[1];
-                                    $val = $this->decode($parts[2]);
-
-                                    if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
-                                        $obj[$key] = $val;
-                                    } else {
-                                        $obj->$key = $val;
-                                    }
-                                }
-
-                            }
-
-                        } elseif ((($chrs{$c} == '"') || ($chrs{$c} == "'")) && ($top['what'] != SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR)) {
-                            // found a quote, and we are not inside a string
-                            array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => $chrs{$c}));
-                            //print("Found start of string at {$c}\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == $top['delim']) &&
-                                 ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR) &&
-                                 (($chrs{$c - 1} != '\\') ||
-                                 ($chrs{$c - 1} == '\\' && $chrs{$c - 2} == '\\'))) {
-                            // found a quote, we're in a string, and it's not escaped
-                            array_pop($stk);
-                            //print("Found end of string at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + 1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '[') &&
-                                 in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
-                            // found a left-bracket, and we are in an array, object, or slice
-                            array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
-                            //print("Found start of array at {$c}\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == ']') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR)) {
-                            // found a right-bracket, and we're in an array
-                            array_pop($stk);
-                            //print("Found end of array at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '{') &&
-                                 in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
-                            // found a left-brace, and we are in an array, object, or slice
-                            array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
-                            //print("Found start of object at {$c}\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '}') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ)) {
-                            // found a right-brace, and we're in an object
-                            array_pop($stk);
-                            //print("Found end of object at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '/*') &&
-                                 in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
-                            // found a comment start, and we are in an array, object, or slice
-                            array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
-                            $c++;
-                            //print("Found start of comment at {$c}\n");
-
-                        } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '*/') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT)) {
-                            // found a comment end, and we're in one now
-                            array_pop($stk);
-                            $c++;
-
-                            for ($i = $top['where']; $i <= $c; ++$i)
-                                $chrs = substr_replace($chrs, ' ', $i, 1);
-
-                            //print("Found end of comment at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                        }
-
-                    }
-
-                    if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
-                        return $arr;
-
-                    } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
-                        return $obj;
-
-                    }
-
-                }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @todo Ultimately, this should just call PEAR::isError()
-     */
-    function isError($data, $code = null)
-    {
-        if (class_exists('pear')) {
-            return PEAR::isError($data, $code);
-        } elseif (is_object($data) && (get_class($data) == 'services_json_error' ||
-                                 is_subclass_of($data, 'services_json_error'))) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
+       /**
+        * constructs a new JSON instance
+        *
+        * @param int $use object behavior flags; combine with boolean-OR
+        *
+        *      possible values:
+        *      - SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE:  loose typing.
+        *                      "{...}" syntax creates associative arrays
+        *                      instead of objects in decode().
+        *      - SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS:  error suppression.
+        *                      Values which can't be encoded (e.g. resources)
+        *                      appear as NULL instead of throwing errors.
+        *                      By default, a deeply-nested resource will
+        *                      bubble up with an error, so all return values
+        *                      from encode() should be checked with isError()
+        */
+       function Services_JSON($use = 0)
+       {
+               $this->use = $use;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * convert a string from one UTF-16 char to one UTF-8 char
+        *
+        * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
+        * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
+        * that lack the multibye string extension.
+        *
+        * @param string  $utf16  UTF-16 character
+        * @return string  UTF-8 character
+        * @access private
+        */
+       function utf162utf8($utf16)
+       {
+               // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
+               if(function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
+                       return mb_convert_encoding($utf16, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16');
+               }
+
+               $bytes = (ord($utf16{0}) << 8) | ord($utf16{1});
+
+               switch(true) {
+                       case ((0x7F & $bytes) == $bytes):
+                               // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
+                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                               return chr(0x7F & $bytes);
+
+                       case (0x07FF & $bytes) == $bytes:
+                               // return a 2-byte UTF-8 character
+                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                               return chr(0xC0 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x1F))
+                                        . chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
+
+                       case (0xFC00 & $bytes) == 0xD800 && strlen($utf16) >= 4 && (0xFC & ord($utf16{2})) == 0xDC:
+                               // return a 4-byte UTF-8 character
+                               $char = ((($bytes & 0x03FF) << 10)
+                                          | ((ord($utf16{2}) & 0x03) << 8)
+                                          | ord($utf16{3}));
+                               $char += 0x10000;
+                               return chr(0xF0 | (($char >> 18) & 0x07))
+                                        . chr(0x80 | (($char >> 12) & 0x3F))
+                                        . chr(0x80 | (($char >> 6) & 0x3F))
+                                        . chr(0x80 | ($char & 0x3F));
+
+                       case (0xFFFF & $bytes) == $bytes:
+                               // return a 3-byte UTF-8 character
+                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                               return chr(0xE0 | (($bytes >> 12) & 0x0F))
+                                        . chr(0x80 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x3F))
+                                        . chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
+               }
+
+               // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
+               return '';
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * convert a string from one UTF-8 char to one UTF-16 char
+        *
+        * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
+        * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
+        * that lack the multibye string extension.
+        *
+        * @param string  $utf8   UTF-8 character
+        * @return string  UTF-16 character
+        * @access private
+        */
+       function utf82utf16($utf8)
+       {
+               // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
+               if(function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
+                       return mb_convert_encoding($utf8, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
+               }
+
+               switch(strlen($utf8)) {
+                       case 1:
+                               // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
+                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                               return $utf8;
+
+                       case 2:
+                               // return a UTF-16 character from a 2-byte UTF-8 char
+                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                               return chr(0x07 & (ord($utf8{0}) >> 2))
+                                        . chr((0xC0 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 6))
+                                                | (0x3F & ord($utf8{1})));
+
+                       case 3:
+                               // return a UTF-16 character from a 3-byte UTF-8 char
+                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                               return chr((0xF0 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 4))
+                                                | (0x0F & (ord($utf8{1}) >> 2)))
+                                        . chr((0xC0 & (ord($utf8{1}) << 6))
+                                                | (0x7F & ord($utf8{2})));
+
+                       case 4:
+                               // return a UTF-16 surrogate pair from a 4-byte UTF-8 char
+                               if(ord($utf8{0}) > 0xF4) return ''; # invalid
+                               $char = ((0x1C0000 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 18))
+                                          | (0x03F000 & (ord($utf8{1}) << 12))
+                                          | (0x000FC0 & (ord($utf8{2}) << 6))
+                                          | (0x00003F & ord($utf8{3})));
+                               if($char > 0x10FFFF) return ''; # invalid
+                               $char -= 0x10000;
+                               return chr(0xD8 | (($char >> 18) & 0x03))
+                                        . chr(($char >> 10) & 0xFF)
+                                        . chr(0xDC | (($char >> 8) & 0x03))
+                                        . chr($char & 0xFF);
+               }
+
+               // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
+               return '';
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format
+        *
+        * @param mixed $var any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
+        *                      see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
+        *                      if var is a strng, note that encode() always expects it
+        *                      to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
+        * @param bool $pretty pretty-print output with indents and newlines
+        *
+        * @return mixed JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
+        * @access public
+        */
+       function encode($var, $pretty=false)
+       {
+               $this->indent = 0;
+               $this->pretty = $pretty;
+               $this->nameValSeparator = $pretty ? ': ' : ':';
+               return $this->encode2($var);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format
+        *
+        * @param mixed $var any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
+        *                      see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
+        *                      if var is a strng, note that encode() always expects it
+        *                      to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
+        *
+        * @return mixed JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
+        * @access private
+        */
+       function encode2($var)
+       {
+               if ($this->pretty) {
+                       $close = "\n" . str_repeat("\t", $this->indent);
+                       $open = $close . "\t";
+                       $mid = ',' . $open;
+               }
+               else {
+                       $open = $close = '';
+                       $mid = ',';
+               }
+
+               switch (gettype($var)) {
+                       case 'boolean':
+                               return $var ? 'true' : 'false';
+
+                       case 'NULL':
+                               return 'null';
+
+                       case 'integer':
+                               return (int) $var;
+
+                       case 'double':
+                       case 'float':
+                               return (float) $var;
+
+                       case 'string':
+                               // STRINGS ARE EXPECTED TO BE IN ASCII OR UTF-8 FORMAT
+                               $ascii = '';
+                               $strlen_var = strlen($var);
+
+                          /*
+                               * Iterate over every character in the string,
+                               * escaping with a slash or encoding to UTF-8 where necessary
+                               */
+                               for ($c = 0; $c < $strlen_var; ++$c) {
+
+                                       $ord_var_c = ord($var{$c});
+
+                                       switch (true) {
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x08:
+                                                       $ascii .= '\b';
+                                                       break;
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x09:
+                                                       $ascii .= '\t';
+                                                       break;
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x0A:
+                                                       $ascii .= '\n';
+                                                       break;
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x0C:
+                                                       $ascii .= '\f';
+                                                       break;
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x0D:
+                                                       $ascii .= '\r';
+                                                       break;
+
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x22:
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x2F:
+                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x5C:
+                                                       // double quote, slash, slosh
+                                                       $ascii .= '\\'.$var{$c};
+                                                       break;
+
+                                               case (($ord_var_c >= 0x20) && ($ord_var_c <= 0x7F)):
+                                                       // characters U-00000000 - U-0000007F (same as ASCII)
+                                                       $ascii .= $var{$c};
+                                                       break;
+
+                                               case (($ord_var_c & 0xE0) == 0xC0):
+                                                       // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
+                                                       // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                       $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c, ord($var{$c + 1}));
+                                                       $c += 1;
+                                                       $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
+                                                       $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
+                                                       break;
+
+                                               case (($ord_var_c & 0xF0) == 0xE0):
+                                                       // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
+                                                       // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                       $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
+                                                                       ord($var{$c + 1}),
+                                                                       ord($var{$c + 2}));
+                                                       $c += 2;
+                                                       $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
+                                                       $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
+                                                       break;
+
+                                               case (($ord_var_c & 0xF8) == 0xF0):
+                                                       // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
+                                                       // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                       // These will always return a surrogate pair
+                                                       $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
+                                                                       ord($var{$c + 1}),
+                                                                       ord($var{$c + 2}),
+                                                                       ord($var{$c + 3}));
+                                                       $c += 3;
+                                                       $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
+                                                       if($utf16 == '') {
+                                                               $ascii .= '\ufffd';
+                                                       } else {
+                                                               $utf16 = str_split($utf16, 2);
+                                                               $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16[0]), bin2hex($utf16[1]));
+                                                       }
+                                                       break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               return '"'.$ascii.'"';
+
+                       case 'array':
+                          /*
+                               * As per JSON spec if any array key is not an integer
+                               * we must treat the the whole array as an object. We
+                               * also try to catch a sparsely populated associative
+                               * array with numeric keys here because some JS engines
+                               * will create an array with empty indexes up to
+                               * max_index which can cause memory issues and because
+                               * the keys, which may be relevant, will be remapped
+                               * otherwise.
+                               *
+                               * As per the ECMA and JSON specification an object may
+                               * have any string as a property. Unfortunately due to
+                               * a hole in the ECMA specification if the key is a
+                               * ECMA reserved word or starts with a digit the
+                               * parameter is only accessible using ECMAScript's
+                               * bracket notation.
+                               */
+
+                               // treat as a JSON object
+                               if (is_array($var) && count($var) && (array_keys($var) !== range(0, sizeof($var) - 1))) {
+                                       $this->indent++;
+                                       $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
+                                                               array_keys($var),
+                                                               array_values($var));
+                                       $this->indent--;
+
+                                       foreach($properties as $property) {
+                                               if(Services_JSON::isError($property)) {
+                                                       return $property;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       return '{' . $open . join($mid, $properties) . $close . '}';
+                               }
+
+                               // treat it like a regular array
+                               $this->indent++;
+                               $elements = array_map(array($this, 'encode2'), $var);
+                               $this->indent--;
+
+                               foreach($elements as $element) {
+                                       if(Services_JSON::isError($element)) {
+                                               return $element;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               return '[' . $open . join($mid, $elements) . $close . ']';
+
+                       case 'object':
+                               $vars = get_object_vars($var);
+
+                               $this->indent++;
+                               $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
+                                                       array_keys($vars),
+                                                       array_values($vars));
+                               $this->indent--;
+
+                               foreach($properties as $property) {
+                                       if(Services_JSON::isError($property)) {
+                                               return $property;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               return '{' . $open . join($mid, $properties) . $close . '}';
+
+                       default:
+                               return ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS)
+                                       ? 'null'
+                                       : new Services_JSON_Error(gettype($var)." can not be encoded as JSON string");
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * array-walking function for use in generating JSON-formatted name-value pairs
+        *
+        * @param string $name name of key to use
+        * @param mixed $value reference to an array element to be encoded
+        *
+        * @return string JSON-formatted name-value pair, like '"name":value'
+        * @access private
+        */
+       function name_value($name, $value)
+       {
+               $encoded_value = $this->encode2($value);
+
+               if(Services_JSON::isError($encoded_value)) {
+                       return $encoded_value;
+               }
+
+               return $this->encode2(strval($name)) . $this->nameValSeparator . $encoded_value;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * reduce a string by removing leading and trailing comments and whitespace
+        *
+        * @param $str string string value to strip of comments and whitespace
+        *
+        * @return string string value stripped of comments and whitespace
+        * @access private
+        */
+       function reduce_string($str)
+       {
+               $str = preg_replace(array(
+
+                               // eliminate single line comments in '// ...' form
+                               '#^\s*//(.+)$#m',
+
+                               // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at start of string
+                               '#^\s*/\*(.+)\*/#Us',
+
+                               // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at end of string
+                               '#/\*(.+)\*/\s*$#Us'
+
+                       ), '', $str);
+
+               // eliminate extraneous space
+               return trim($str);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * decodes a JSON string into appropriate variable
+        *
+        * @param string $str JSON-formatted string
+        *
+        * @return mixed number, boolean, string, array, or object
+        *                 corresponding to given JSON input string.
+        *                 See argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for object-output behavior.
+        *                 Note that decode() always returns strings
+        *                 in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
+        * @access public
+        */
+       function decode($str)
+       {
+               $str = $this->reduce_string($str);
+
+               switch (strtolower($str)) {
+                       case 'true':
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'false':
+                               return false;
+
+                       case 'null':
+                               return null;
+
+                       default:
+                               $m = array();
+
+                               if (is_numeric($str)) {
+                                       // Lookie-loo, it's a number
+
+                                       // This would work on its own, but I'm trying to be
+                                       // good about returning integers where appropriate:
+                                       // return (float)$str;
+
+                                       // Return float or int, as appropriate
+                                       return ((float)$str == (integer)$str)
+                                               ? (integer)$str
+                                               : (float)$str;
+
+                               } elseif (preg_match('/^("|\').*(\1)$/s', $str, $m) && $m[1] == $m[2]) {
+                                       // STRINGS RETURNED IN UTF-8 FORMAT
+                                       $delim = substr($str, 0, 1);
+                                       $chrs = substr($str, 1, -1);
+                                       $utf8 = '';
+                                       $strlen_chrs = strlen($chrs);
+
+                                       for ($c = 0; $c < $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {
+
+                                               $substr_chrs_c_2 = substr($chrs, $c, 2);
+                                               $ord_chrs_c = ord($chrs{$c});
+
+                                               switch (true) {
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\b':
+                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x08);
+                                                               ++$c;
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\t':
+                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x09);
+                                                               ++$c;
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\n':
+                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x0A);
+                                                               ++$c;
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\f':
+                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x0C);
+                                                               ++$c;
+                                                               break;
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\r':
+                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x0D);
+                                                               ++$c;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\"':
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\'':
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\\':
+                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\/':
+                                                               if (($delim == '"' && $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\\'') ||
+                                                                  ($delim == "'" && $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\"')) {
+                                                                       $utf8 .= $chrs{++$c};
+                                                               }
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case preg_match('/\\\uD[89AB][0-9A-F]{2}\\\uD[C-F][0-9A-F]{2}/i', substr($chrs, $c, 12)):
+                                                               // escaped unicode surrogate pair
+                                                               $utf16 = chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
+                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)))
+                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 8), 2)))
+                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 10), 2)));
+                                                               $utf8 .= $this->utf162utf8($utf16);
+                                                               $c += 11;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case preg_match('/\\\u[0-9A-F]{4}/i', substr($chrs, $c, 6)):
+                                                               // single, escaped unicode character
+                                                               $utf16 = chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
+                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)));
+                                                               $utf8 .= $this->utf162utf8($utf16);
+                                                               $c += 5;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c >= 0x20) && ($ord_chrs_c <= 0x7F):
+                                                               $utf8 .= $chrs{$c};
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xE0) == 0xC0:
+                                                               // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
+                                                               //see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 2);
+                                                               ++$c;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xF0) == 0xE0:
+                                                               // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
+                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 3);
+                                                               $c += 2;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xF8) == 0xF0:
+                                                               // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
+                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 4);
+                                                               $c += 3;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xFC) == 0xF8:
+                                                               // characters U-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF, mask 111110XX
+                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 5);
+                                                               $c += 4;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xFE) == 0xFC:
+                                                               // characters U-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF, mask 1111110X
+                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
+                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 6);
+                                                               $c += 5;
+                                                               break;
+
+                                               }
+
+                                       }
+
+                                       return $utf8;
+
+                               } elseif (preg_match('/^\[.*\]$/s', $str) || preg_match('/^\{.*\}$/s', $str)) {
+                                       // array, or object notation
+
+                                       if ($str{0} == '[') {
+                                               $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR);
+                                               $arr = array();
+                                       } else {
+                                               if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
+                                                       $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
+                                                       $obj = array();
+                                               } else {
+                                                       $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
+                                                       $obj = new stdClass();
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       array_push($stk, array( 'what'  => SERVICES_JSON_SLICE,
+                                                               'where' => 0,
+                                                               'delim' => false));
+
+                                       $chrs = substr($str, 1, -1);
+                                       $chrs = $this->reduce_string($chrs);
+
+                                       if ($chrs == '') {
+                                               if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
+                                                       return $arr;
+
+                                               } else {
+                                                       return $obj;
+
+                                               }
+                                       }
+
+                                       //print("\nparsing {$chrs}\n");
+
+                                       $strlen_chrs = strlen($chrs);
+
+                                       for ($c = 0; $c <= $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {
+
+                                               $top = end($stk);
+                                               $substr_chrs_c_2 = substr($chrs, $c, 2);
+
+                                               if (($c == $strlen_chrs) || (($chrs{$c} == ',') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_SLICE))) {
+                                                       // found a comma that is not inside a string, array, etc.,
+                                                       // OR we've reached the end of the character list
+                                                       $slice = substr($chrs, $top['where'], ($c - $top['where']));
+                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, 'where' => ($c + 1), 'delim' => false));
+                                                       //print("Found split at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
+
+                                                       if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
+                                                               // we are in an array, so just push an element onto the stack
+                                                               array_push($arr, $this->decode($slice));
+
+                                                       } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
+                                                               // we are in an object, so figure
+                                                               // out the property name and set an
+                                                               // element in an associative array,
+                                                               // for now
+                                                               $parts = array();
+
+                                                               if (preg_match('/^\s*(["\'].*[^\\\]["\'])\s*:\s*(\S.*),?$/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
+                                                                       // "name":value pair
+                                                                       $key = $this->decode($parts[1]);
+                                                                       $val = $this->decode($parts[2]);
+
+                                                                       if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
+                                                                               $obj[$key] = $val;
+                                                                       } else {
+                                                                               $obj->$key = $val;
+                                                                       }
+                                                               } elseif (preg_match('/^\s*(\w+)\s*:\s*(\S.*),?$/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
+                                                                       // name:value pair, where name is unquoted
+                                                                       $key = $parts[1];
+                                                                       $val = $this->decode($parts[2]);
+
+                                                                       if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
+                                                                               $obj[$key] = $val;
+                                                                       } else {
+                                                                               $obj->$key = $val;
+                                                                       }
+                                                               }
+
+                                                       }
+
+                                               } elseif ((($chrs{$c} == '"') || ($chrs{$c} == "'")) && ($top['what'] != SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR)) {
+                                                       // found a quote, and we are not inside a string
+                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => $chrs{$c}));
+                                                       //print("Found start of string at {$c}\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == $top['delim']) &&
+                                                                ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR) &&
+                                                                (($chrs{$c - 1} != '\\') ||
+                                                                ($chrs{$c - 1} == '\\' && $chrs{$c - 2} == '\\'))) {
+                                                       // found a quote, we're in a string, and it's not escaped
+                                                       array_pop($stk);
+                                                       //print("Found end of string at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + 1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '[') &&
+                                                                in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
+                                                       // found a left-bracket, and we are in an array, object, or slice
+                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
+                                                       //print("Found start of array at {$c}\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == ']') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR)) {
+                                                       // found a right-bracket, and we're in an array
+                                                       array_pop($stk);
+                                                       //print("Found end of array at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '{') &&
+                                                                in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
+                                                       // found a left-brace, and we are in an array, object, or slice
+                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
+                                                       //print("Found start of object at {$c}\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '}') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ)) {
+                                                       // found a right-brace, and we're in an object
+                                                       array_pop($stk);
+                                                       //print("Found end of object at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '/*') &&
+                                                                in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
+                                                       // found a comment start, and we are in an array, object, or slice
+                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
+                                                       $c++;
+                                                       //print("Found start of comment at {$c}\n");
+
+                                               } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '*/') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT)) {
+                                                       // found a comment end, and we're in one now
+                                                       array_pop($stk);
+                                                       $c++;
+
+                                                       for ($i = $top['where']; $i <= $c; ++$i)
+                                                               $chrs = substr_replace($chrs, ' ', $i, 1);
+
+                                                       //print("Found end of comment at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
+
+                                               }
+
+                                       }
+
+                                       if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
+                                               return $arr;
+
+                                       } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
+                                               return $obj;
+
+                                       }
+
+                               }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @todo Ultimately, this should just call PEAR::isError()
+        */
+       function isError($data, $code = null)
+       {
+               if (class_exists('pear')) {
+                       return PEAR::isError($data, $code);
+               } elseif (is_object($data) && (get_class($data) == 'services_json_error' ||
+                               is_subclass_of($data, 'services_json_error'))) {
+                       return true;
+               }
+
+               return false;
+       }
 }
 
 
@@ -831,31 +831,31 @@ class Services_JSON
 /// @cond
 if (class_exists('PEAR_Error')) {
 
-    /**
-     * @ingroup API
-     */
-    class Services_JSON_Error extends PEAR_Error
-    {
-        function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
-                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
-        {
-            parent::PEAR_Error($message, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo);
-        }
-    }
+       /**
+        * @ingroup API
+        */
+       class Services_JSON_Error extends PEAR_Error
+       {
+               function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
+                                               $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
+               {
+                       parent::PEAR_Error($message, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo);
+               }
+       }
 
 } else {
 /// @endcond
 
-    /**
-     * @todo Ultimately, this class shall be descended from PEAR_Error
-     * @ingroup API
-     */
-    class Services_JSON_Error
-    {
-        function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
-                                     $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
-        {
-
-        }
-    }
+       /**
+        * @todo Ultimately, this class shall be descended from PEAR_Error
+        * @ingroup API
+        */
+       class Services_JSON_Error
+       {
+               function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
+                                               $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
+               {
+
+               }
+       }
 }