]> scripts.mit.edu Git - autoinstallsdev/mediawiki.git/blobdiff - includes/tidy/Balancer.php
MediaWiki 1.30.2
[autoinstallsdev/mediawiki.git] / includes / tidy / Balancer.php
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+<?php
+/**
+ * An implementation of the tree building portion of the HTML5 parsing
+ * spec.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+ * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
+ * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
+ *
+ * @file
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ * @author C. Scott Ananian, 2016
+ */
+namespace MediaWiki\Tidy;
+
+use Wikimedia\Assert\Assert;
+use Wikimedia\Assert\ParameterAssertionException;
+use \ExplodeIterator;
+use \IteratorAggregate;
+use \ReverseArrayIterator;
+use \Sanitizer;
+
+// A note for future librarization[1] -- this file is a good candidate
+// for splitting into an independent library, except that it is currently
+// highly optimized for MediaWiki use.  It only implements the portions
+// of the HTML5 tree builder used by tags supported by MediaWiki, and
+// does not contain a true tokenizer pass, instead relying on
+// comment stripping, attribute normalization, and escaping done by
+// the MediaWiki Sanitizer.  It also deliberately avoids building
+// a true DOM in memory, instead serializing elements to an output string
+// as soon as possible (usually as soon as the tag is closed) to reduce
+// its memory footprint.
+
+// We've been gradually lifting some of these restrictions to handle
+// non-sanitized output generated by extensions, but we shortcut the tokenizer
+// for speed (primarily by splitting on `<`) and so rely on syntactic
+// well-formedness.
+
+// On the other hand, I've been pretty careful to note with comments in the
+// code the places where this implementation omits features of the spec or
+// depends on the MediaWiki Sanitizer.  Perhaps in the future we'll want to
+// implement the missing pieces and make this a standalone PHP HTML5 parser.
+// In order to do so, some sort of MediaWiki-specific API will need
+// to be added to (a) allow the Balancer to bypass the tokenizer,
+// and (b) support on-the-fly flattening instead of DOM node creation.
+
+// [1]: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Library_infrastructure_for_MediaWiki
+
+/**
+ * Utility constants and sets for the HTML5 tree building algorithm.
+ * Sets are associative arrays indexed first by namespace and then by
+ * lower-cased tag name.
+ *
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ */
+class BalanceSets {
+       const HTML_NAMESPACE = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml';
+       const MATHML_NAMESPACE = 'http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML';
+       const SVG_NAMESPACE = 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg';
+
+       public static $unsupportedSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'html' => true, 'head' => true, 'body' => true, 'frameset' => true,
+                       'frame' => true,
+                       'plaintext' => true,
+                       'xmp' => true, 'iframe' => true, 'noembed' => true,
+                       'noscript' => true, 'script' => true,
+                       'title' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $emptyElementSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'area' => true, 'base' => true, 'basefont' => true,
+                       'bgsound' => true, 'br' => true, 'col' => true, 'command' => true,
+                       'embed' => true, 'frame' => true, 'hr' => true, 'img' => true,
+                       'input' => true, 'keygen' => true, 'link' => true, 'meta' => true,
+                       'param' => true, 'source' => true, 'track' => true, 'wbr' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $extraLinefeedSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'pre' => true, 'textarea' => true, 'listing' => true,
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $headingSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'h1' => true, 'h2' => true, 'h3' => true,
+                       'h4' => true, 'h5' => true, 'h6' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $specialSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'address' => true, 'applet' => true, 'area' => true,
+                       'article' => true, 'aside' => true, 'base' => true,
+                       'basefont' => true, 'bgsound' => true, 'blockquote' => true,
+                       'body' => true, 'br' => true, 'button' => true, 'caption' => true,
+                       'center' => true, 'col' => true, 'colgroup' => true, 'dd' => true,
+                       'details' => true, 'dir' => true, 'div' => true, 'dl' => true,
+                       'dt' => true, 'embed' => true, 'fieldset' => true,
+                       'figcaption' => true, 'figure' => true, 'footer' => true,
+                       'form' => true, 'frame' => true, 'frameset' => true, 'h1' => true,
+                       'h2' => true, 'h3' => true, 'h4' => true, 'h5' => true,
+                       'h6' => true, 'head' => true, 'header' => true, 'hgroup' => true,
+                       'hr' => true, 'html' => true, 'iframe' => true, 'img' => true,
+                       'input' => true, 'li' => true, 'link' => true,
+                       'listing' => true, 'main' => true, 'marquee' => true,
+                       'menu' => true, 'meta' => true, 'nav' => true,
+                       'noembed' => true, 'noframes' => true, 'noscript' => true,
+                       'object' => true, 'ol' => true, 'p' => true, 'param' => true,
+                       'plaintext' => true, 'pre' => true, 'script' => true,
+                       'section' => true, 'select' => true, 'source' => true,
+                       'style' => true, 'summary' => true, 'table' => true,
+                       'tbody' => true, 'td' => true, 'template' => true,
+                       'textarea' => true, 'tfoot' => true, 'th' => true, 'thead' => true,
+                       'title' => true, 'tr' => true, 'track' => true, 'ul' => true,
+                       'wbr' => true, 'xmp' => true
+               ],
+               self::SVG_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'foreignobject' => true, 'desc' => true, 'title' => true
+               ],
+               self::MATHML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'mi' => true, 'mo' => true, 'mn' => true, 'ms' => true,
+                       'mtext' => true, 'annotation-xml' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $addressDivPSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'address' => true, 'div' => true, 'p' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $tableSectionRowSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'table' => true, 'thead' => true, 'tbody' => true,
+                       'tfoot' => true, 'tr' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $impliedEndTagsSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'dd' => true, 'dt' => true, 'li' => true,
+                       'menuitem' => true, 'optgroup' => true,
+                       'option' => true, 'p' => true, 'rb' => true, 'rp' => true,
+                       'rt' => true, 'rtc' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $thoroughImpliedEndTagsSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'caption' => true, 'colgroup' => true, 'dd' => true, 'dt' => true,
+                       'li' => true, 'optgroup' => true, 'option' => true, 'p' => true,
+                       'rb' => true, 'rp' => true, 'rt' => true, 'rtc' => true,
+                       'tbody' => true, 'td' => true, 'tfoot' => true, 'th' => true,
+                       'thead' => true, 'tr' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $tableCellSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'td' => true, 'th' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+       public static $tableContextSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'table' => true, 'template' => true, 'html' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $tableBodyContextSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'tbody' => true, 'tfoot' => true, 'thead' => true,
+                       'template' => true, 'html' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $tableRowContextSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'tr' => true, 'template' => true, 'html' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       // See https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/forms.html#form-associated-element
+       public static $formAssociatedSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'button' => true, 'fieldset' => true, 'input' => true,
+                       'keygen' => true, 'object' => true, 'output' => true,
+                       'select' => true, 'textarea' => true, 'img' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $inScopeSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'applet' => true, 'caption' => true, 'html' => true,
+                       'marquee' => true, 'object' => true,
+                       'table' => true, 'td' => true, 'template' => true,
+                       'th' => true
+               ],
+               self::SVG_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'foreignobject' => true, 'desc' => true, 'title' => true
+               ],
+               self::MATHML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'mi' => true, 'mo' => true, 'mn' => true, 'ms' => true,
+                       'mtext' => true, 'annotation-xml' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       private static $inListItemScopeSet = null;
+       public static function inListItemScopeSet() {
+               if ( self::$inListItemScopeSet === null ) {
+                       self::$inListItemScopeSet = self::$inScopeSet;
+                       self::$inListItemScopeSet[self::HTML_NAMESPACE]['ol'] = true;
+                       self::$inListItemScopeSet[self::HTML_NAMESPACE]['ul'] = true;
+               }
+               return self::$inListItemScopeSet;
+       }
+
+       private static $inButtonScopeSet = null;
+       public static function inButtonScopeSet() {
+               if ( self::$inButtonScopeSet === null ) {
+                       self::$inButtonScopeSet = self::$inScopeSet;
+                       self::$inButtonScopeSet[self::HTML_NAMESPACE]['button'] = true;
+               }
+               return self::$inButtonScopeSet;
+       }
+
+       public static $inTableScopeSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'html' => true, 'table' => true, 'template' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $inInvertedSelectScopeSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'option' => true, 'optgroup' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $mathmlTextIntegrationPointSet = [
+               self::MATHML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'mi' => true, 'mo' => true, 'mn' => true, 'ms' => true,
+                       'mtext' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       public static $htmlIntegrationPointSet = [
+               self::SVG_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'foreignobject' => true,
+                       'desc' => true,
+                       'title' => true
+               ]
+       ];
+
+       // For tidy compatibility.
+       public static $tidyPWrapSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'body' => true, 'blockquote' => true,
+                       // We parse with <body> as the fragment context, but the top-level
+                       // element on the stack is actually <html>.  We could use the
+                       // "adjusted current node" everywhere to work around this, but it's
+                       // easier just to add <html> to the p-wrap set.
+                       'html' => true,
+               ],
+       ];
+       public static $tidyInlineSet = [
+               self::HTML_NAMESPACE => [
+                       'a' => true, 'abbr' => true, 'acronym' => true, 'applet' => true,
+                       'b' => true, 'basefont' => true, 'bdo' => true, 'big' => true,
+                       'br' => true, 'button' => true, 'cite' => true, 'code' => true,
+                       'dfn' => true, 'em' => true, 'font' => true, 'i' => true,
+                       'iframe' => true, 'img' => true, 'input' => true, 'kbd' => true,
+                       'label' => true, 'legend' => true, 'map' => true, 'object' => true,
+                       'param' => true, 'q' => true, 'rb' => true, 'rbc' => true,
+                       'rp' => true, 'rt' => true, 'rtc' => true, 'ruby' => true,
+                       's' => true, 'samp' => true, 'select' => true, 'small' => true,
+                       'span' => true, 'strike' => true, 'strong' => true, 'sub' => true,
+                       'sup' => true, 'textarea' => true, 'tt' => true, 'u' => true,
+                       'var' => true,
+               ],
+       ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * A BalanceElement is a simplified version of a DOM Node.  The main
+ * difference is that we only keep BalanceElements around for nodes
+ * currently on the BalanceStack of open elements.  As soon as an
+ * element is closed, with some minor exceptions relating to the
+ * tree builder "adoption agency algorithm", the element and all its
+ * children are serialized to a string using the flatten() method.
+ * This keeps our memory usage low.
+ *
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ */
+class BalanceElement {
+       /**
+        * The namespace of the element.
+        * @var string $namespaceURI
+        */
+       public $namespaceURI;
+       /**
+        * The lower-cased name of the element.
+        * @var string $localName
+        */
+       public $localName;
+       /**
+        * Attributes for the element, in array form
+        * @var array $attribs
+        */
+       public $attribs;
+
+       /**
+        * Parent of this element, or the string "flat" if this element has
+        * already been flattened into its parent.
+        * @var BalanceElement|string|null $parent
+        */
+       public $parent;
+
+       /**
+        * An array of children of this element.  Typically only the last
+        * child will be an actual BalanceElement object; the rest will
+        * be strings, representing either text nodes or flattened
+        * BalanceElement objects.
+        * @var BalanceElement[]|string[] $children
+        */
+       public $children;
+
+       /**
+        * A unique string identifier for Noah's Ark purposes, lazy initialized
+        */
+       private $noahKey;
+
+       /**
+        * The next active formatting element in the list, or null if this is the
+        * end of the AFE list or if the element is not in the AFE list.
+        */
+       public $nextAFE;
+
+       /**
+        * The previous active formatting element in the list, or null if this is
+        * the start of the list or if the element is not in the AFE list.
+        */
+       public $prevAFE;
+
+       /**
+        * The next element in the Noah's Ark species bucket.
+        */
+       public $nextNoah;
+
+       /**
+        * Make a new BalanceElement corresponding to the HTML DOM Element
+        * with the given localname, namespace, and attributes.
+        *
+        * @param string $namespaceURI The namespace of the element.
+        * @param string $localName The lowercased name of the tag.
+        * @param array $attribs Attributes of the element
+        */
+       public function __construct( $namespaceURI, $localName, array $attribs ) {
+               $this->localName = $localName;
+               $this->namespaceURI = $namespaceURI;
+               $this->attribs = $attribs;
+               $this->contents = '';
+               $this->parent = null;
+               $this->children = [];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Remove the given child from this element.
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        */
+       private function removeChild( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               Assert::precondition(
+                       $this->parent !== 'flat', "Can't removeChild after flattening $this"
+               );
+               Assert::parameter(
+                       $elt->parent === $this, 'elt', 'must have $this as a parent'
+               );
+               $idx = array_search( $elt, $this->children, true );
+               Assert::parameter( $idx !== false, '$elt', 'must be a child of $this' );
+               $elt->parent = null;
+               array_splice( $this->children, $idx, 1 );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Find $a in the list of children and insert $b before it.
+        * @param BalanceElement $a
+        * @param BalanceElement|string $b
+        */
+       public function insertBefore( BalanceElement $a, $b ) {
+               Assert::precondition(
+                       $this->parent !== 'flat', "Can't insertBefore after flattening."
+               );
+               $idx = array_search( $a, $this->children, true );
+               Assert::parameter( $idx !== false, '$a', 'must be a child of $this' );
+               if ( is_string( $b ) ) {
+                       array_splice( $this->children, $idx, 0, [ $b ] );
+               } else {
+                       Assert::parameter( $b->parent !== 'flat', '$b', "Can't be flat" );
+                       if ( $b->parent !== null ) {
+                               $b->parent->removeChild( $b );
+                       }
+                       array_splice( $this->children, $idx, 0, [ $b ] );
+                       $b->parent = $this;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Append $elt to the end of the list of children.
+        * @param BalanceElement|string $elt
+        */
+       public function appendChild( $elt ) {
+               Assert::precondition(
+                       $this->parent !== 'flat', "Can't appendChild after flattening."
+               );
+               if ( is_string( $elt ) ) {
+                       array_push( $this->children, $elt );
+                       return;
+               }
+               // Remove $elt from parent, if it had one.
+               if ( $elt->parent !== null ) {
+                       $elt->parent->removeChild( $elt );
+               }
+               array_push( $this->children, $elt );
+               $elt->parent = $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Transfer all of the children of $elt to $this.
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        */
+       public function adoptChildren( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               Assert::precondition(
+                       $elt->parent !== 'flat', "Can't adoptChildren after flattening."
+               );
+               foreach ( $elt->children as $child ) {
+                       if ( !is_string( $child ) ) {
+                               // This is an optimization which avoids an O(n^2) set of
+                               // array_splice operations.
+                               $child->parent = null;
+                       }
+                       $this->appendChild( $child );
+               }
+               $elt->children = [];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Flatten this node and all of its children into a string, as specified
+        * by the HTML serialization specification, and replace this node
+        * in its parent by that string.
+        *
+        * @param array $config Balancer configuration; see Balancer::__construct().
+        * @return string
+        *
+        * @see __toString()
+        */
+       public function flatten( array $config ) {
+               Assert::parameter( $this->parent !== null, '$this', 'must be a child' );
+               Assert::parameter( $this->parent !== 'flat', '$this', 'already flat' );
+               $idx = array_search( $this, $this->parent->children, true );
+               Assert::parameter(
+                       $idx !== false, '$this', 'must be a child of its parent'
+               );
+               $tidyCompat = $config['tidyCompat'];
+               if ( $tidyCompat ) {
+                       $blank = true;
+                       foreach ( $this->children as $elt ) {
+                               if ( !is_string( $elt ) ) {
+                                       $elt = $elt->flatten( $config );
+                               }
+                               if ( $blank && preg_match( '/[^\t\n\f\r ]/', $elt ) ) {
+                                       $blank = false;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if ( $this->isHtmlNamed( 'mw:p-wrap' ) ) {
+                               $this->localName = 'p';
+                       } elseif ( $blank ) {
+                               // Add 'mw-empty-elt' class so elements can be hidden via CSS
+                               // for compatibility with legacy tidy.
+                               if ( !count( $this->attribs ) &&
+                                       ( $this->localName === 'tr' || $this->localName === 'li' )
+                               ) {
+                                       $this->attribs = [ 'class' => "mw-empty-elt" ];
+                               }
+                               $blank = false;
+                       } elseif (
+                               $this->isA( BalanceSets::$extraLinefeedSet ) &&
+                               count( $this->children ) > 0 &&
+                               substr( $this->children[0], 0, 1 ) == "\n"
+                       ) {
+                               // Double the linefeed after pre/listing/textarea
+                               // according to the (old) HTML5 fragment serialization
+                               // algorithm (see https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/944)
+                               // to ensure this will round-trip.
+                               array_unshift( $this->children, "\n" );
+                       }
+                       $flat = $blank ? '' : "{$this}";
+               } else {
+                       $flat = "{$this}";
+               }
+               $this->parent->children[$idx] = $flat;
+               $this->parent = 'flat'; // for assertion checking
+               return $flat;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Serialize this node and all of its children to a string, as specified
+        * by the HTML serialization specification.
+        *
+        * @return string The serialization of the BalanceElement
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#serialising-html-fragments
+        */
+       public function __toString() {
+               $encAttribs = '';
+               foreach ( $this->attribs as $name => $value ) {
+                       $encValue = Sanitizer::encodeAttribute( $value );
+                       $encAttribs .= " $name=\"$encValue\"";
+               }
+               if ( !$this->isA( BalanceSets::$emptyElementSet ) ) {
+                       $out = "<{$this->localName}{$encAttribs}>";
+                       $len = strlen( $out );
+                       // flatten children
+                       foreach ( $this->children as $elt ) {
+                               $out .= "{$elt}";
+                       }
+                       $out .= "</{$this->localName}>";
+               } else {
+                       $out = "<{$this->localName}{$encAttribs} />";
+                       Assert::invariant(
+                               count( $this->children ) === 0,
+                               "Empty elements shouldn't have children."
+                       );
+               }
+               return $out;
+       }
+
+       // Utility functions on BalanceElements.
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if $this represents a specific HTML tag, is a member of
+        * a tag set, or is equal to another BalanceElement.
+        *
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $set The target BalanceElement,
+        *   set (from the BalanceSets class), or string (HTML tag name).
+        * @return bool
+        */
+       public function isA( $set ) {
+               if ( $set instanceof BalanceElement ) {
+                       return $this === $set;
+               } elseif ( is_array( $set ) ) {
+                       return isset( $set[$this->namespaceURI] ) &&
+                               isset( $set[$this->namespaceURI][$this->localName] );
+               } else {
+                       // assume this is an HTML element name.
+                       return $this->isHtml() && $this->localName === $set;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if this element is an HTML element with the specified name
+        * @param string $tagName
+        * @return bool
+        */
+       public function isHtmlNamed( $tagName ) {
+               return $this->namespaceURI === BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE
+                       && $this->localName === $tagName;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if $this represents an element in the HTML namespace.
+        *
+        * @return bool
+        */
+       public function isHtml() {
+               return $this->namespaceURI === BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if $this represents a MathML text integration point,
+        * as defined in the HTML5 specification.
+        *
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#mathml-text-integration-point
+        */
+       public function isMathmlTextIntegrationPoint() {
+               return $this->isA( BalanceSets::$mathmlTextIntegrationPointSet );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if $this represents an HTML integration point,
+        * as defined in the HTML5 specification.
+        *
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#html-integration-point
+        */
+       public function isHtmlIntegrationPoint() {
+               if ( $this->isA( BalanceSets::$htmlIntegrationPointSet ) ) {
+                       return true;
+               }
+               if (
+                       $this->namespaceURI === BalanceSets::MATHML_NAMESPACE &&
+                       $this->localName === 'annotation-xml' &&
+                       isset( $this->attribs['encoding'] ) &&
+                       ( strcasecmp( $this->attribs['encoding'], 'text/html' ) == 0 ||
+                       strcasecmp( $this->attribs['encoding'], 'application/xhtml+xml' ) == 0 )
+               ) {
+                       return true;
+               }
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Get a string key for the Noah's Ark algorithm
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function getNoahKey() {
+               if ( $this->noahKey === null ) {
+                       $attribs = $this->attribs;
+                       ksort( $attribs );
+                       $this->noahKey = serialize( [ $this->namespaceURI, $this->localName, $attribs ] );
+               }
+               return $this->noahKey;
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * The "stack of open elements" as defined in the HTML5 tree builder
+ * spec.  This contains methods to ensure that content (start tags, text)
+ * are inserted at the correct place in the output string, and to
+ * flatten BalanceElements are they are closed to avoid holding onto
+ * a complete DOM tree for the document in memory.
+ *
+ * The stack defines a PHP iterator to traverse it in "reverse order",
+ * that is, the most-recently-added element is visited first in a
+ * foreach loop.
+ *
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#the-stack-of-open-elements
+ */
+class BalanceStack implements IteratorAggregate {
+       /**
+        * Backing storage for the stack.
+        * @var BalanceElement[] $elements
+        */
+       private $elements = [];
+       /**
+        * Foster parent mode determines how nodes are inserted into the
+        * stack.
+        * @var bool $fosterParentMode
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#foster-parent
+        */
+       public $fosterParentMode = false;
+       /**
+        * Configuration options governing flattening.
+        * @var array $config
+        * @see Balancer::__construct()
+        */
+       private $config;
+       /**
+        * Reference to the current element
+        */
+       public $currentNode;
+
+       /**
+        * Create a new BalanceStack with a single BalanceElement on it,
+        * representing the root &lt;html&gt; node.
+        * @param array $config Balancer configuration; see Balancer::_construct().
+        */
+       public function __construct( array $config ) {
+               // always a root <html> element on the stack
+               array_push(
+                       $this->elements,
+                       new BalanceElement( BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE, 'html', [] )
+               );
+               $this->currentNode = $this->elements[0];
+               $this->config = $config;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return a string representing the output of the tree builder:
+        * all the children of the root &lt;html&gt; node.
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function getOutput() {
+               // Don't include the outer '<html>....</html>'
+               $out = '';
+               foreach ( $this->elements[0]->children as $elt ) {
+                       $out .= is_string( $elt ) ? $elt :
+                               $elt->flatten( $this->config );
+               }
+               return $out;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Insert a comment at the appropriate place for inserting a node.
+        * @param string $value Content of the comment.
+        * @return string
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#insert-a-comment
+        */
+       public function insertComment( $value ) {
+               // Just another type of text node, except for tidy p-wrapping.
+               return $this->insertText( '<!--' . $value . '-->', true );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Insert text at the appropriate place for inserting a node.
+        * @param string $value
+        * @param bool $isComment
+        * @return string
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node
+        */
+       public function insertText( $value, $isComment = false ) {
+               if (
+                       $this->fosterParentMode &&
+                       $this->currentNode->isA( BalanceSets::$tableSectionRowSet )
+               ) {
+                       $this->fosterParent( $value );
+               } elseif (
+                       $this->config['tidyCompat'] && !$isComment &&
+                       $this->currentNode->isA( BalanceSets::$tidyPWrapSet )
+               ) {
+                       $this->insertHTMLElement( 'mw:p-wrap', [] );
+                       return $this->insertText( $value );
+               } else {
+                       $this->currentNode->appendChild( $value );
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Insert a BalanceElement at the appropriate place, pushing it
+        * on to the open elements stack.
+        * @param string $namespaceURI The element namespace
+        * @param string $tag The tag name
+        * @param string $attribs Normalized attributes, as a string.
+        * @return BalanceElement
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#insert-a-foreign-element
+        */
+       public function insertForeignElement( $namespaceURI, $tag, $attribs ) {
+               return $this->insertElement(
+                       new BalanceElement( $namespaceURI, $tag, $attribs )
+               );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Insert an HTML element at the appropriate place, pushing it on to
+        * the open elements stack.
+        * @param string $tag The tag name
+        * @param string $attribs Normalized attributes, as a string.
+        * @return BalanceElement
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#insert-an-html-element
+        */
+       public function insertHTMLElement( $tag, $attribs ) {
+               return $this->insertForeignElement(
+                       BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE, $tag, $attribs
+               );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Insert an element at the appropriate place and push it on to the
+        * open elements stack.
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        * @return BalanceElement
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#appropriate-place-for-inserting-a-node
+        */
+       public function insertElement( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               if (
+                       $this->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'mw:p-wrap' ) &&
+                       !$elt->isA( BalanceSets::$tidyInlineSet )
+               ) {
+                       // Tidy compatibility.
+                       $this->pop();
+               }
+               if (
+                       $this->fosterParentMode &&
+                       $this->currentNode->isA( BalanceSets::$tableSectionRowSet )
+               ) {
+                       $elt = $this->fosterParent( $elt );
+               } else {
+                       $this->currentNode->appendChild( $elt );
+               }
+               Assert::invariant( $elt->parent !== null, "$elt must be in tree" );
+               Assert::invariant( $elt->parent !== 'flat', "$elt must not have been previous flattened" );
+               array_push( $this->elements, $elt );
+               $this->currentNode = $elt;
+               return $elt;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if the stack has $tag in scope.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#has-an-element-in-scope
+        */
+       public function inScope( $tag ) {
+               return $this->inSpecificScope( $tag, BalanceSets::$inScopeSet );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if the stack has $tag in button scope.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#has-an-element-in-button-scope
+        */
+       public function inButtonScope( $tag ) {
+               return $this->inSpecificScope( $tag, BalanceSets::inButtonScopeSet() );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if the stack has $tag in list item scope.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#has-an-element-in-list-item-scope
+        */
+       public function inListItemScope( $tag ) {
+               return $this->inSpecificScope( $tag, BalanceSets::inListItemScopeSet() );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if the stack has $tag in table scope.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#has-an-element-in-table-scope
+        */
+       public function inTableScope( $tag ) {
+               return $this->inSpecificScope( $tag, BalanceSets::$inTableScopeSet );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if the stack has $tag in select scope.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#has-an-element-in-select-scope
+        */
+       public function inSelectScope( $tag ) {
+               // Can't use inSpecificScope to implement this, since it involves
+               // *inverting* a set of tags.  Implement manually.
+               foreach ( $this as $elt ) {
+                       if ( $elt->isA( $tag ) ) {
+                               return true;
+                       }
+                       if ( !$elt->isA( BalanceSets::$inInvertedSelectScopeSet ) ) {
+                               return false;
+                       }
+               }
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine if the stack has $tag in a specific scope, $set.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $set
+        * @return bool
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#has-an-element-in-the-specific-scope
+        */
+       public function inSpecificScope( $tag, $set ) {
+               foreach ( $this as $elt ) {
+                       if ( $elt->isA( $tag ) ) {
+                               return true;
+                       }
+                       if ( $elt->isA( $set ) ) {
+                               return false;
+                       }
+               }
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Generate implied end tags.
+        * @param string $butnot
+        * @param bool $thorough True if we should generate end tags thoroughly.
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#generate-implied-end-tags
+        */
+       public function generateImpliedEndTags( $butnot = null, $thorough = false ) {
+               $endTagSet = $thorough ?
+                       BalanceSets::$thoroughImpliedEndTagsSet :
+                       BalanceSets::$impliedEndTagsSet;
+               while ( $this->currentNode ) {
+                       if ( $butnot !== null && $this->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( $butnot ) ) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if ( !$this->currentNode->isA( $endTagSet ) ) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       $this->pop();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return the adjusted current node.
+        * @param string $fragmentContext
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function adjustedCurrentNode( $fragmentContext ) {
+               return ( $fragmentContext && count( $this->elements ) === 1 ) ?
+                       $fragmentContext : $this->currentNode;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return an iterator over this stack which visits the current node
+        * first, and the root node last.
+        * @return \Iterator
+        */
+       public function getIterator() {
+               return new ReverseArrayIterator( $this->elements );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return the BalanceElement at the given position $idx, where
+        * position 0 represents the root element.
+        * @param int $idx
+        * @return BalanceElement
+        */
+       public function node( $idx ) {
+               return $this->elements[ $idx ];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Replace the element at position $idx in the BalanceStack with $elt.
+        * @param int $idx
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        */
+       public function replaceAt( $idx, BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               Assert::precondition(
+                       $this->elements[$idx]->parent !== 'flat',
+                       'Replaced element should not have already been flattened.'
+               );
+               Assert::precondition(
+                       $elt->parent !== 'flat',
+                       'New element should not have already been flattened.'
+               );
+               $this->elements[$idx] = $elt;
+               if ( $idx === count( $this->elements ) - 1 ) {
+                       $this->currentNode = $elt;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return the position of the given BalanceElement, set, or
+        * HTML tag name string in the BalanceStack.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        * @return int
+        */
+       public function indexOf( $tag ) {
+               for ( $i = count( $this->elements ) - 1; $i >= 0; $i-- ) {
+                       if ( $this->elements[$i]->isA( $tag ) ) {
+                               return $i;
+                       }
+               }
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return the number of elements currently in the BalanceStack.
+        * @return int
+        */
+       public function length() {
+               return count( $this->elements );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Remove the current node from the BalanceStack, flattening it
+        * in the process.
+        */
+       public function pop() {
+               $elt = array_pop( $this->elements );
+               if ( count( $this->elements ) ) {
+                       $this->currentNode = $this->elements[ count( $this->elements ) - 1 ];
+               } else {
+                       $this->currentNode = null;
+               }
+               if ( !$elt->isHtmlNamed( 'mw:p-wrap' ) ) {
+                       $elt->flatten( $this->config );
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Remove all nodes up to and including position $idx from the
+        * BalanceStack, flattening them in the process.
+        * @param int $idx
+        */
+       public function popTo( $idx ) {
+               for ( $length = count( $this->elements ); $length > $idx; $length-- ) {
+                       $this->pop();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Pop elements off the stack up to and including the first
+        * element with the specified HTML tagname (or matching the given
+        * set).
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $tag
+        */
+       public function popTag( $tag ) {
+               while ( $this->currentNode ) {
+                       if ( $this->currentNode->isA( $tag ) ) {
+                               $this->pop();
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       $this->pop();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Pop elements off the stack *not including* the first element
+        * in the specified set.
+        * @param BalanceElement|array|string $set
+        */
+       public function clearToContext( $set ) {
+               // Note that we don't loop to 0. Never pop the <html> elt off.
+               for ( $length = count( $this->elements ); $length > 1; $length-- ) {
+                       if ( $this->currentNode->isA( $set ) ) {
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       $this->pop();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Remove the given $elt from the BalanceStack, optionally
+        * flattening it in the process.
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt The element to remove.
+        * @param bool $flatten Whether to flatten the removed element.
+        */
+       public function removeElement( BalanceElement $elt, $flatten = true ) {
+               Assert::parameter(
+                       $elt->parent !== 'flat',
+                       '$elt',
+                       '$elt should not already have been flattened.'
+               );
+               Assert::parameter(
+                       $elt->parent->parent !== 'flat',
+                       '$elt',
+                       'The parent of $elt should not already have been flattened.'
+               );
+               $idx = array_search( $elt, $this->elements, true );
+               Assert::parameter( $idx !== false, '$elt', 'must be in stack' );
+               array_splice( $this->elements, $idx, 1 );
+               if ( $idx === count( $this->elements ) ) {
+                       $this->currentNode = $this->elements[$idx - 1];
+               }
+               if ( $flatten ) {
+                       // serialize $elt into its parent
+                       // otherwise, it will eventually serialize when the parent
+                       // is serialized, we just hold onto the memory for its
+                       // tree of objects a little longer.
+                       $elt->flatten( $this->config );
+               }
+               Assert::postcondition(
+                       array_search( $elt, $this->elements, true ) === false,
+                       '$elt should no longer be in open elements stack'
+               );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Find $a in the BalanceStack and insert $b after it.
+        * @param BalanceElement $a
+        * @param BalanceElement $b
+        */
+       public function insertAfter( BalanceElement $a, BalanceElement $b ) {
+               $idx = $this->indexOf( $a );
+               Assert::parameter( $idx !== false, '$a', 'must be in stack' );
+               if ( $idx === count( $this->elements ) - 1 ) {
+                       array_push( $this->elements, $b );
+                       $this->currentNode = $b;
+               } else {
+                       array_splice( $this->elements, $idx + 1, 0, [ $b ] );
+               }
+       }
+
+       // Fostering and adoption.
+
+       /**
+        * Foster parent the given $elt in the stack of open elements.
+        * @param BalanceElement|string $elt
+        * @return BalanceElement|string
+        *
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#foster-parent
+        */
+       private function fosterParent( $elt ) {
+               $lastTable = $this->indexOf( 'table' );
+               $lastTemplate = $this->indexOf( 'template' );
+               $parent = null;
+               $before = null;
+
+               if ( $lastTemplate >= 0 && ( $lastTable < 0 || $lastTemplate > $lastTable ) ) {
+                       $parent = $this->elements[$lastTemplate];
+               } elseif ( $lastTable >= 0 ) {
+                       $parent = $this->elements[$lastTable]->parent;
+                       // Assume all tables have parents, since we're not running scripts!
+                       Assert::invariant(
+                               $parent !== null, "All tables should have parents"
+                       );
+                       $before = $this->elements[$lastTable];
+               } else {
+                       $parent = $this->elements[0]; // the `html` element.
+               }
+
+               if ( $this->config['tidyCompat'] ) {
+                       if ( is_string( $elt ) ) {
+                               // We're fostering text: do we need a p-wrapper?
+                               if ( $parent->isA( BalanceSets::$tidyPWrapSet ) ) {
+                                       $this->insertHTMLElement( 'mw:p-wrap', [] );
+                                       $this->insertText( $elt );
+                                       return $elt;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               // We're fostering an element; do we need to merge p-wrappers?
+                               if ( $elt->isHtmlNamed( 'mw:p-wrap' ) ) {
+                                       $idx = $before ?
+                                               array_search( $before, $parent->children, true ) :
+                                               count( $parent->children );
+                                       $after = $idx > 0 ? $parent->children[$idx - 1] : '';
+                                       if (
+                                               $after instanceof BalanceElement &&
+                                               $after->isHtmlNamed( 'mw:p-wrap' )
+                                       ) {
+                                               return $after; // Re-use existing p-wrapper.
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if ( $before ) {
+                       $parent->insertBefore( $before, $elt );
+               } else {
+                       $parent->appendChild( $elt );
+               }
+               return $elt;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Run the "adoption agency algoritm" (AAA) for the given subject
+        * tag name.
+        * @param string $tag The subject tag name.
+        * @param BalanceActiveFormattingElements $afe The current
+        *   active formatting elements list.
+        * @return true if the adoption agency algorithm "did something", false
+        *   if more processing is required by the caller.
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#adoption-agency-algorithm
+        */
+       public function adoptionAgency( $tag, $afe ) {
+               // If the current node is an HTML element whose tag name is subject,
+               // and the current node is not in the list of active formatting
+               // elements, then pop the current node off the stack of open
+               // elements and abort these steps.
+               if (
+                       $this->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( $tag ) &&
+                       !$afe->isInList( $this->currentNode )
+               ) {
+                       $this->pop();
+                       return true; // no more handling required
+               }
+
+               // Outer loop: If outer loop counter is greater than or
+               // equal to eight, then abort these steps.
+               for ( $outer = 0; $outer < 8; $outer++ ) {
+                       // Let the formatting element be the last element in the list
+                       // of active formatting elements that: is between the end of
+                       // the list and the last scope marker in the list, if any, or
+                       // the start of the list otherwise, and has the same tag name
+                       // as the token.
+                       $fmtElt = $afe->findElementByTag( $tag );
+
+                       // If there is no such node, then abort these steps and instead
+                       // act as described in the "any other end tag" entry below.
+                       if ( !$fmtElt ) {
+                               return false; // false means handle by the default case
+                       }
+
+                       // Otherwise, if there is such a node, but that node is not in
+                       // the stack of open elements, then this is a parse error;
+                       // remove the element from the list, and abort these steps.
+                       $index = $this->indexOf( $fmtElt );
+                       if ( $index < 0 ) {
+                               $afe->remove( $fmtElt );
+                               return true;   // true means no more handling required
+                       }
+
+                       // Otherwise, if there is such a node, and that node is also in
+                       // the stack of open elements, but the element is not in scope,
+                       // then this is a parse error; ignore the token, and abort
+                       // these steps.
+                       if ( !$this->inScope( $fmtElt ) ) {
+                               return true;
+                       }
+
+                       // Let the furthest block be the topmost node in the stack of
+                       // open elements that is lower in the stack than the formatting
+                       // element, and is an element in the special category. There
+                       // might not be one.
+                       $furthestBlock = null;
+                       $furthestBlockIndex = -1;
+                       $stackLength = $this->length();
+                       for ( $i = $index + 1; $i < $stackLength; $i++ ) {
+                               if ( $this->node( $i )->isA( BalanceSets::$specialSet ) ) {
+                                       $furthestBlock = $this->node( $i );
+                                       $furthestBlockIndex = $i;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       // If there is no furthest block, then the UA must skip the
+                       // subsequent steps and instead just pop all the nodes from the
+                       // bottom of the stack of open elements, from the current node
+                       // up to and including the formatting element, and remove the
+                       // formatting element from the list of active formatting
+                       // elements.
+                       if ( !$furthestBlock ) {
+                               $this->popTag( $fmtElt );
+                               $afe->remove( $fmtElt );
+                               return true;
+                       }
+
+                       // Let the common ancestor be the element immediately above
+                       // the formatting element in the stack of open elements.
+                       $ancestor = $this->node( $index - 1 );
+
+                       // Let a bookmark note the position of the formatting
+                       // element in the list of active formatting elements
+                       // relative to the elements on either side of it in the
+                       // list.
+                       $BOOKMARK = new BalanceElement( '[bookmark]', '[bookmark]', [] );
+                       $afe->insertAfter( $fmtElt, $BOOKMARK );
+
+                       // Let node and last node be the furthest block.
+                       $node = $furthestBlock;
+                       $lastNode = $furthestBlock;
+                       $nodeIndex = $furthestBlockIndex;
+                       $isAFE = false;
+
+                       // Inner loop
+                       for ( $inner = 1; true; $inner++ ) {
+                               // Let node be the element immediately above node in
+                               // the stack of open elements, or if node is no longer
+                               // in the stack of open elements (e.g. because it got
+                               // removed by this algorithm), the element that was
+                               // immediately above node in the stack of open elements
+                               // before node was removed.
+                               $node = $this->node( --$nodeIndex );
+
+                               // If node is the formatting element, then go
+                               // to the next step in the overall algorithm.
+                               if ( $node === $fmtElt ) break;
+
+                               // If the inner loop counter is greater than three and node
+                               // is in the list of active formatting elements, then remove
+                               // node from the list of active formatting elements.
+                               $isAFE = $afe->isInList( $node );
+                               if ( $inner > 3 && $isAFE ) {
+                                       $afe->remove( $node );
+                                       $isAFE = false;
+                               }
+
+                               // If node is not in the list of active formatting
+                               // elements, then remove node from the stack of open
+                               // elements and then go back to the step labeled inner
+                               // loop.
+                               if ( !$isAFE ) {
+                                       // Don't flatten here, since we're about to relocate
+                                       // parts of this $node.
+                                       $this->removeElement( $node, false );
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+
+                               // Create an element for the token for which the
+                               // element node was created with common ancestor as
+                               // the intended parent, replace the entry for node
+                               // in the list of active formatting elements with an
+                               // entry for the new element, replace the entry for
+                               // node in the stack of open elements with an entry for
+                               // the new element, and let node be the new element.
+                               $newElt = new BalanceElement(
+                                       $node->namespaceURI, $node->localName, $node->attribs );
+                               $afe->replace( $node, $newElt );
+                               $this->replaceAt( $nodeIndex, $newElt );
+                               $node = $newElt;
+
+                               // If last node is the furthest block, then move the
+                               // aforementioned bookmark to be immediately after the
+                               // new node in the list of active formatting elements.
+                               if ( $lastNode === $furthestBlock ) {
+                                       $afe->remove( $BOOKMARK );
+                                       $afe->insertAfter( $newElt, $BOOKMARK );
+                               }
+
+                               // Insert last node into node, first removing it from
+                               // its previous parent node if any.
+                               $node->appendChild( $lastNode );
+
+                               // Let last node be node.
+                               $lastNode = $node;
+                       }
+
+                       // If the common ancestor node is a table, tbody, tfoot,
+                       // thead, or tr element, then, foster parent whatever last
+                       // node ended up being in the previous step, first removing
+                       // it from its previous parent node if any.
+                       if (
+                               $this->fosterParentMode &&
+                               $ancestor->isA( BalanceSets::$tableSectionRowSet )
+                       ) {
+                               $this->fosterParent( $lastNode );
+                       } else {
+                               // Otherwise, append whatever last node ended up being in
+                               // the previous step to the common ancestor node, first
+                               // removing it from its previous parent node if any.
+                               $ancestor->appendChild( $lastNode );
+                       }
+
+                       // Create an element for the token for which the
+                       // formatting element was created, with furthest block
+                       // as the intended parent.
+                       $newElt2 = new BalanceElement(
+                               $fmtElt->namespaceURI, $fmtElt->localName, $fmtElt->attribs );
+
+                       // Take all of the child nodes of the furthest block and
+                       // append them to the element created in the last step.
+                       $newElt2->adoptChildren( $furthestBlock );
+
+                       // Append that new element to the furthest block.
+                       $furthestBlock->appendChild( $newElt2 );
+
+                       // Remove the formatting element from the list of active
+                       // formatting elements, and insert the new element into the
+                       // list of active formatting elements at the position of
+                       // the aforementioned bookmark.
+                       $afe->remove( $fmtElt );
+                       $afe->replace( $BOOKMARK, $newElt2 );
+
+                       // Remove the formatting element from the stack of open
+                       // elements, and insert the new element into the stack of
+                       // open elements immediately below the position of the
+                       // furthest block in that stack.
+                       $this->removeElement( $fmtElt );
+                       $this->insertAfter( $furthestBlock, $newElt2 );
+               }
+
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return the contents of the open elements stack as a string for
+        * debugging.
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function __toString() {
+               $r = [];
+               foreach ( $this->elements as $elt ) {
+                       array_push( $r, $elt->localName );
+               }
+               return implode( $r, ' ' );
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A pseudo-element used as a marker in the list of active formatting elements
+ *
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ */
+class BalanceMarker {
+       public $nextAFE;
+       public $prevAFE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The list of active formatting elements, which is used to handle
+ * mis-nested formatting element tags in the HTML5 tree builder
+ * specification.
+ *
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#list-of-active-formatting-elements
+ */
+class BalanceActiveFormattingElements {
+       /** The last (most recent) element in the list */
+       private $tail;
+
+       /** The first (least recent) element in the list */
+       private $head;
+
+       /**
+        * An array of arrays representing the population of elements in each bucket
+        * according to the Noah's Ark clause. The outer array is stack-like, with each
+        * integer-indexed element representing a segment of the list, bounded by
+        * markers. The first element represents the segment of the list before the
+        * first marker.
+        *
+        * The inner arrays are indexed by "Noah key", which is a string which uniquely
+        * identifies each bucket according to the rules in the spec. The value in
+        * the inner array is the first (least recently inserted) element in the bucket,
+        * and subsequent members of the bucket can be found by iterating through the
+        * singly-linked list via $node->nextNoah.
+        *
+        * This is optimised for the most common case of inserting into a bucket
+        * with zero members, and deleting a bucket containing one member. In the
+        * worst case, iteration through the list is still O(1) in the document
+        * size, since each bucket can have at most 3 members.
+        */
+       private $noahTableStack = [ [] ];
+
+       public function __destruct() {
+               $next = null;
+               for ( $node = $this->head; $node; $node = $next ) {
+                       $next = $node->nextAFE;
+                       $node->prevAFE = $node->nextAFE = $node->nextNoah = null;
+               }
+               $this->head = $this->tail = $this->noahTableStack = null;
+       }
+
+       public function insertMarker() {
+               $elt = new BalanceMarker;
+               if ( $this->tail ) {
+                       $this->tail->nextAFE = $elt;
+                       $elt->prevAFE = $this->tail;
+               } else {
+                       $this->head = $elt;
+               }
+               $this->tail = $elt;
+               $this->noahTableStack[] = [];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Follow the steps required when the spec requires us to "push onto the
+        * list of active formatting elements".
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        */
+       public function push( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               // Must not be in the list already
+               if ( $elt->prevAFE !== null || $this->head === $elt ) {
+                       throw new ParameterAssertionException( '$elt',
+                               'Cannot insert a node into the AFE list twice' );
+               }
+
+               // "Noah's Ark clause" -- if there are already three copies of
+               // this element before we encounter a marker, then drop the last
+               // one.
+               $noahKey = $elt->getNoahKey();
+               $table =& $this->noahTableStack[ count( $this->noahTableStack ) - 1 ];
+               if ( !isset( $table[$noahKey] ) ) {
+                       $table[$noahKey] = $elt;
+               } else {
+                       $count = 1;
+                       $head = $tail = $table[$noahKey];
+                       while ( $tail->nextNoah ) {
+                               $tail = $tail->nextNoah;
+                               $count++;
+                       }
+                       if ( $count >= 3 ) {
+                               $this->remove( $head );
+                       }
+                       $tail->nextNoah = $elt;
+               }
+               // Add to the main AFE list
+               if ( $this->tail ) {
+                       $this->tail->nextAFE = $elt;
+                       $elt->prevAFE = $this->tail;
+               } else {
+                       $this->head = $elt;
+               }
+               $this->tail = $elt;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Follow the steps required when the spec asks us to "clear the list of
+        * active formatting elements up to the last marker".
+        */
+       public function clearToMarker() {
+               // Iterate back through the list starting from the tail
+               $tail = $this->tail;
+               while ( $tail && !( $tail instanceof BalanceMarker ) ) {
+                       // Unlink the element
+                       $prev = $tail->prevAFE;
+                       $tail->prevAFE = null;
+                       if ( $prev ) {
+                               $prev->nextAFE = null;
+                       }
+                       $tail->nextNoah = null;
+                       $tail = $prev;
+               }
+               // If we finished on a marker, unlink it and pop it off the Noah table stack
+               if ( $tail ) {
+                       $prev = $tail->prevAFE;
+                       if ( $prev ) {
+                               $prev->nextAFE = null;
+                       }
+                       $tail = $prev;
+                       array_pop( $this->noahTableStack );
+               } else {
+                       // No marker: wipe the top-level Noah table (which is the only one)
+                       $this->noahTableStack[0] = [];
+               }
+               // If we removed all the elements, clear the head pointer
+               if ( !$tail ) {
+                       $this->head = null;
+               }
+               $this->tail = $tail;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Find and return the last element with the specified tag between the
+        * end of the list and the last marker on the list.
+        * Used when parsing &lt;a&gt; "in body mode".
+        * @param string $tag
+        * @return null|Node
+        */
+       public function findElementByTag( $tag ) {
+               $elt = $this->tail;
+               while ( $elt && !( $elt instanceof BalanceMarker ) ) {
+                       if ( $elt->localName === $tag ) {
+                               return $elt;
+                       }
+                       $elt = $elt->prevAFE;
+               }
+               return null;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determine whether an element is in the list of formatting elements.
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        * @return bool
+        */
+       public function isInList( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               return $this->head === $elt || $elt->prevAFE;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Find the element $elt in the list and remove it.
+        * Used when parsing &lt;a&gt; in body mode.
+        *
+        * @param BalanceElement $elt
+        */
+       public function remove( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               if ( $this->head !== $elt && !$elt->prevAFE ) {
+                       throw new ParameterAssertionException( '$elt',
+                               "Attempted to remove an element which is not in the AFE list" );
+               }
+               // Update head and tail pointers
+               if ( $this->head === $elt ) {
+                       $this->head = $elt->nextAFE;
+               }
+               if ( $this->tail === $elt ) {
+                       $this->tail = $elt->prevAFE;
+               }
+               // Update previous element
+               if ( $elt->prevAFE ) {
+                       $elt->prevAFE->nextAFE = $elt->nextAFE;
+               }
+               // Update next element
+               if ( $elt->nextAFE ) {
+                       $elt->nextAFE->prevAFE = $elt->prevAFE;
+               }
+               // Clear pointers so that isInList() etc. will work
+               $elt->prevAFE = $elt->nextAFE = null;
+               // Update Noah list
+               $this->removeFromNoahList( $elt );
+       }
+
+       private function addToNoahList( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               $noahKey = $elt->getNoahKey();
+               $table =& $this->noahTableStack[ count( $this->noahTableStack ) - 1 ];
+               if ( !isset( $table[$noahKey] ) ) {
+                       $table[$noahKey] = $elt;
+               } else {
+                       $tail = $table[$noahKey];
+                       while ( $tail->nextNoah ) {
+                               $tail = $tail->nextNoah;
+                       }
+                       $tail->nextNoah = $elt;
+               }
+       }
+
+       private function removeFromNoahList( BalanceElement $elt ) {
+               $table =& $this->noahTableStack[ count( $this->noahTableStack ) - 1 ];
+               $key = $elt->getNoahKey();
+               $noahElt = $table[$key];
+               if ( $noahElt === $elt ) {
+                       if ( $noahElt->nextNoah ) {
+                               $table[$key] = $noahElt->nextNoah;
+                               $noahElt->nextNoah = null;
+                       } else {
+                               unset( $table[$key] );
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       do {
+                               $prevNoahElt = $noahElt;
+                               $noahElt = $prevNoahElt->nextNoah;
+                               if ( $noahElt === $elt ) {
+                                       // Found it, unlink
+                                       $prevNoahElt->nextNoah = $elt->nextNoah;
+                                       $elt->nextNoah = null;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } while ( $noahElt );
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Find element $a in the list and replace it with element $b
+        *
+        * @param BalanceElement $a
+        * @param BalanceElement $b
+        */
+       public function replace( BalanceElement $a, BalanceElement $b ) {
+               if ( $this->head !== $a && !$a->prevAFE ) {
+                       throw new ParameterAssertionException( '$a',
+                               "Attempted to replace an element which is not in the AFE list" );
+               }
+               // Update head and tail pointers
+               if ( $this->head === $a ) {
+                       $this->head = $b;
+               }
+               if ( $this->tail === $a ) {
+                       $this->tail = $b;
+               }
+               // Update previous element
+               if ( $a->prevAFE ) {
+                       $a->prevAFE->nextAFE = $b;
+               }
+               // Update next element
+               if ( $a->nextAFE ) {
+                       $a->nextAFE->prevAFE = $b;
+               }
+               $b->prevAFE = $a->prevAFE;
+               $b->nextAFE = $a->nextAFE;
+               $a->nextAFE = $a->prevAFE = null;
+               // Update Noah list
+               $this->removeFromNoahList( $a );
+               $this->addToNoahList( $b );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Find $a in the list and insert $b after it.
+
+        * @param BalanceElement $a
+        * @param BalanceElement $b
+        */
+       public function insertAfter( BalanceElement $a, BalanceElement $b ) {
+               if ( $this->head !== $a && !$a->prevAFE ) {
+                       throw new ParameterAssertionException( '$a',
+                               "Attempted to insert after an element which is not in the AFE list" );
+               }
+               if ( $this->tail === $a ) {
+                       $this->tail = $b;
+               }
+               if ( $a->nextAFE ) {
+                       $a->nextAFE->prevAFE = $b;
+               }
+               $b->nextAFE = $a->nextAFE;
+               $b->prevAFE = $a;
+               $a->nextAFE = $b;
+               $this->addToNoahList( $b );
+       }
+
+       // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart Generic.Files.LineLength.TooLong
+       /**
+        * Reconstruct the active formatting elements.
+        * @param BalanceStack $stack The open elements stack
+        * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#reconstruct-the-active-formatting-elements
+        */
+       // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
+       public function reconstruct( $stack ) {
+               $entry = $this->tail;
+               // If there are no entries in the list of active formatting elements,
+               // then there is nothing to reconstruct
+               if ( !$entry ) {
+                       return;
+               }
+               // If the last is a marker, do nothing.
+               if ( $entry instanceof BalanceMarker ) {
+                       return;
+               }
+               // Or if it is an open element, do nothing.
+               if ( $stack->indexOf( $entry ) >= 0 ) {
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               // Loop backward through the list until we find a marker or an
+               // open element
+               $foundIt = false;
+               while ( $entry->prevAFE ) {
+                       $entry = $entry->prevAFE;
+                       if ( $entry instanceof BalanceMarker || $stack->indexOf( $entry ) >= 0 ) {
+                               $foundIt = true;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // Now loop forward, starting from the element after the current one (or
+               // the first element if we didn't find a marker or open element),
+               // recreating formatting elements and pushing them back onto the list
+               // of open elements.
+               if ( $foundIt ) {
+                       $entry = $entry->nextAFE;
+               }
+               do {
+                       $newElement = $stack->insertHTMLElement(
+                               $entry->localName,
+                               $entry->attribs );
+                       $this->replace( $entry, $newElement );
+                       $entry = $newElement->nextAFE;
+               } while ( $entry );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Get a string representation of the AFE list, for debugging
+        */
+       public function __toString() {
+               $prev = null;
+               $s = '';
+               for ( $node = $this->head; $node; $prev = $node, $node = $node->nextAFE ) {
+                       if ( $node instanceof BalanceMarker ) {
+                               $s .= "MARKER\n";
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       $s .= $node->localName . '#' . substr( md5( spl_object_hash( $node ) ), 0, 8 );
+                       if ( $node->nextNoah ) {
+                               $s .= " (noah sibling: {$node->nextNoah->localName}#" .
+                                       substr( md5( spl_object_hash( $node->nextNoah ) ), 0, 8 ) .
+                                       ')';
+                       }
+                       if ( $node->nextAFE && $node->nextAFE->prevAFE !== $node ) {
+                               $s .= " (reverse link is wrong!)";
+                       }
+                       $s .= "\n";
+               }
+               if ( $prev !== $this->tail ) {
+                       $s .= "(tail pointer is wrong!)\n";
+               }
+               return $s;
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of the tree building portion of the HTML5 parsing
+ * spec.
+ *
+ * This is used to balance and tidy output so that the result can
+ * always be cleanly serialized/deserialized by an HTML5 parser.  It
+ * does *not* guarantee "conforming" output -- the HTML5 spec contains
+ * a number of constraints which are not enforced by the HTML5 parsing
+ * process.  But the result will be free of gross errors: misnested or
+ * unclosed tags, for example, and will be unchanged by spec-complient
+ * parsing followed by serialization.
+ *
+ * The tree building stage is structured as a state machine.
+ * When comparing the implementation to
+ * https://www.w3.org/TR/html5/syntax.html#tree-construction
+ * note that each state is implemented as a function with a
+ * name ending in `Mode` (because the HTML spec refers to them
+ * as insertion modes).  The current insertion mode is held by
+ * the $parseMode property.
+ *
+ * The following simplifications have been made:
+ * - We handle body content only (ie, we start `in body`.)
+ * - The document is never in "quirks mode".
+ * - All occurrences of < and > have been entity escaped, so we
+ *   can parse tags by simply splitting on those two characters.
+ *   (This also simplifies the handling of < inside <textarea>.)
+ *   The character < must not appear inside comments.
+ *   Similarly, all attributes have been "cleaned" and are double-quoted
+ *   and escaped.
+ * - All null characters are assumed to have been removed.
+ * - The following elements are disallowed: <html>, <head>, <body>, <frameset>,
+ *   <frame>, <plaintext>, <xmp>, <iframe>,
+ *   <noembed>, <noscript>, <script>, <title>.  As a result,
+ *   further simplifications can be made:
+ *   - `frameset-ok` is not tracked.
+ *   - `head element pointer` is not tracked (but presumed non-null)
+ *   - Tokenizer has only a single mode. (<textarea> wants RCDATA and
+ *     <style>/<noframes> want RAWTEXT modes which we only loosely emulate.)
+ *
+ *   We generally mark places where we omit cases from the spec due to
+ *   disallowed elements with a comment: `// OMITTED: <element-name>`.
+ *
+ *   The HTML spec keeps a flag during the parsing process to track
+ *   whether or not a "parse error" has been encountered.  We don't
+ *   bother to track that flag, we just implement the error-handling
+ *   process as specified.
+ *
+ * @ingroup Parser
+ * @since 1.27
+ * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#tree-construction
+ */
+class Balancer {
+       private $parseMode;
+       /** @var \Iterator */
+       private $bitsIterator;
+       private $allowedHtmlElements;
+       /** @var BalanceActiveFormattingElements */
+       private $afe;
+       /** @var BalanceStack */
+       private $stack;
+       private $strict;
+       private $allowComments;
+       private $config;
+
+       private $textIntegrationMode;
+       private $pendingTableText;
+       private $originalInsertionMode;
+       private $fragmentContext;
+       private $formElementPointer;
+       private $ignoreLinefeed;
+       private $inRCDATA;
+       private $inRAWTEXT;
+
+       /** @var callable|null */
+       private $processingCallback;
+       /** @var array */
+       private $processingArgs;
+
+       /**
+        * Valid HTML5 comments.
+        * Regex borrowed from Tim Starling's "remex-html" project.
+        */
+       const VALID_COMMENT_REGEX = "~ !--
+               (                           # 1. Comment match detector
+                       > | -> | # Invalid short close
+                       (                         # 2. Comment contents
+                               (?:
+                                       (?! --> )
+                                       (?! --!> )
+                                       (?! --! \z )
+                                       (?! -- \z )
+                                       (?! - \z )
+                                       .
+                               )*+
+                       )
+                       (                         # 3. Comment close
+                               --> |   # Normal close
+                               --!> |  # Comment end bang
+                               (                       # 4. Indicate matches requiring EOF
+                                       --! |                   # EOF in comment end bang state
+                                       -- |                    # EOF in comment end state
+                                       -  |                    # EOF in comment end dash state
+                                       (?#nothing)             # EOF in comment state
+                               )
+                       )
+               )
+               ([^<]*) \z                  # 5. Non-tag text after the comment
+               ~xs";
+
+       /**
+        * Create a new Balancer.
+        * @param array $config Balancer configuration.  Includes:
+        *     'strict' : boolean, defaults to false.
+        *         When true, enforces syntactic constraints on input:
+        *         all non-tag '<' must be escaped, all attributes must be
+        *         separated by a single space and double-quoted.  This is
+        *         consistent with the output of the Sanitizer.
+        *     'allowedHtmlElements' : array, defaults to null.
+        *         When present, the keys of this associative array give
+        *         the acceptable HTML tag names.  When not present, no
+        *         tag sanitization is done.
+        *     'tidyCompat' : boolean, defaults to false.
+        *         When true, the serialization algorithm is tweaked to
+        *         provide historical compatibility with the old "tidy"
+        *         program: <p>-wrapping is done to the children of
+        *         <body> and <blockquote> elements, and empty elements
+        *         are removed.  The <pre>/<listing>/<textarea> serialization
+        *         is also tweaked to allow lossless round trips.
+        *         (See: https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/944)
+        *     'allowComments': boolean, defaults to true.
+        *         When true, allows HTML comments in the input.
+        *         The Sanitizer generally strips all comments, so if you
+        *         are running on sanitized output you can set this to
+        *         false to get a bit more performance.
+        */
+       public function __construct( array $config = [] ) {
+               $this->config = $config = $config + [
+                       'strict' => false,
+                       'allowedHtmlElements' => null,
+                       'tidyCompat' => false,
+                       'allowComments' => true,
+               ];
+               $this->allowedHtmlElements = $config['allowedHtmlElements'];
+               $this->strict = $config['strict'];
+               $this->allowComments = $config['allowComments'];
+               if ( $this->allowedHtmlElements !== null ) {
+                       // Sanity check!
+                       $bad = array_uintersect_assoc(
+                               $this->allowedHtmlElements,
+                               BalanceSets::$unsupportedSet[BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE],
+                               function ( $a, $b ) {
+                                       // Ignore the values (just intersect the keys) by saying
+                                       // all values are equal to each other.
+                                       return 0;
+                               }
+                       );
+                       if ( count( $bad ) > 0 ) {
+                               $badstr = implode( array_keys( $bad ), ',' );
+                               throw new ParameterAssertionException(
+                                       '$config',
+                                       'Balance attempted with sanitization including ' .
+                                       "unsupported elements: {$badstr}"
+                               );
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Return a balanced HTML string for the HTML fragment given by $text,
+        * subject to the caveats listed in the class description.  The result
+        * will typically be idempotent -- that is, rebalancing the output
+        * would result in no change.
+        *
+        * @param string $text The markup to be balanced
+        * @param callable $processingCallback Callback to do any variable or
+        *   parameter replacements in HTML attributes values
+        * @param array|bool $processingArgs Arguments for the processing callback
+        * @return string The balanced markup
+        */
+       public function balance( $text, $processingCallback = null, $processingArgs = [] ) {
+               $this->parseMode = 'inBodyMode';
+               $this->bitsIterator = new ExplodeIterator( '<', $text );
+               $this->afe = new BalanceActiveFormattingElements();
+               $this->stack = new BalanceStack( $this->config );
+               $this->processingCallback = $processingCallback;
+               $this->processingArgs = $processingArgs;
+
+               $this->textIntegrationMode =
+                       $this->ignoreLinefeed =
+                       $this->inRCDATA =
+                       $this->inRAWTEXT = false;
+
+               // The stack is constructed with an <html> element already on it.
+               // Set this up as a fragment parsed with <body> as the context.
+               $this->fragmentContext =
+                       new BalanceElement( BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE, 'body', [] );
+               $this->resetInsertionMode();
+               $this->formElementPointer = null;
+               for ( $e = $this->fragmentContext; $e != null; $e = $e->parent ) {
+                       if ( $e->isHtmlNamed( 'form' ) ) {
+                               $this->formElementPointer = $e;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               // First element is text not tag
+               $x = $this->bitsIterator->current();
+               $this->bitsIterator->next();
+               $this->insertToken( 'text', str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $x ) );
+               // Now process each tag.
+               while ( $this->bitsIterator->valid() ) {
+                       $this->advance();
+               }
+               $this->insertToken( 'eof', null );
+               $result = $this->stack->getOutput();
+               // Free memory before returning.
+               $this->bitsIterator = null;
+               $this->afe = null;
+               $this->stack = null;
+               $this->fragmentContext = null;
+               $this->formElementPointer = null;
+               return $result;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Pass a token to the tree builder.  The $token will be one of the
+        * strings "tag", "endtag", or "text".
+        */
+       private function insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               // validate tags against $unsupportedSet
+               if ( $token === 'tag' || $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       if ( isset( BalanceSets::$unsupportedSet[BalanceSets::HTML_NAMESPACE][$value] ) ) {
+                               // As described in "simplifications" above, these tags are
+                               // not supported in the balancer.
+                               Assert::invariant(
+                                       !$this->strict,
+                                       "Unsupported $token <$value> found."
+                               );
+                               return false;
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'text' && $value === '' ) {
+                       // Don't actually inject the empty string as a text token.
+                       return true;
+               }
+               // Support pre/listing/textarea by suppressing initial linefeed
+               if ( $this->ignoreLinefeed ) {
+                       $this->ignoreLinefeed = false;
+                       if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                               if ( $value[0] === "\n" ) {
+                                       if ( $value === "\n" ) {
+                                               // Nothing would be left, don't inject the empty string.
+                                               return true;
+                                       }
+                                       $value = substr( $value, 1 );
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               // Some hoops we have to jump through
+               $adjusted = $this->stack->adjustedCurrentNode( $this->fragmentContext );
+
+               // The spec calls this the "tree construction dispatcher".
+               $isForeign = true;
+               if (
+                       $this->stack->length() === 0 ||
+                       $adjusted->isHtml() ||
+                       $token === 'eof'
+               ) {
+                       $isForeign = false;
+               } elseif ( $adjusted->isMathmlTextIntegrationPoint() ) {
+                       if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                               $isForeign = false;
+                       } elseif (
+                               $token === 'tag' &&
+                               $value !== 'mglyph' && $value !== 'malignmark'
+                       ) {
+                               $isForeign = false;
+                       }
+               } elseif (
+                       $adjusted->namespaceURI === BalanceSets::MATHML_NAMESPACE &&
+                       $adjusted->localName === 'annotation-xml' &&
+                       $token === 'tag' && $value === 'svg'
+               ) {
+                       $isForeign = false;
+               } elseif (
+                       $adjusted->isHtmlIntegrationPoint() &&
+                       ( $token === 'tag' || $token === 'text' )
+               ) {
+                       $isForeign = false;
+               }
+               if ( $isForeign ) {
+                       return $this->insertForeignToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+               } else {
+                       $func = $this->parseMode;
+                       return $this->$func( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+               }
+       }
+
+       private function insertForeignToken( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertText( $value );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertComment( $value );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'font':
+                               if ( isset( $attribs['color'] )
+                                       || isset( $attribs['face'] )
+                                       || isset( $attribs['size'] )
+                               ) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               // otherwise, fall through
+                       case 'b':
+                       case 'big':
+                       case 'blockquote':
+                       case 'body':
+                       case 'br':
+                       case 'center':
+                       case 'code':
+                       case 'dd':
+                       case 'div':
+                       case 'dl':
+                       case 'dt':
+                       case 'em':
+                       case 'embed':
+                       case 'h1':
+                       case 'h2':
+                       case 'h3':
+                       case 'h4':
+                       case 'h5':
+                       case 'h6':
+                       case 'head':
+                       case 'hr':
+                       case 'i':
+                       case 'img':
+                       case 'li':
+                       case 'listing':
+                       case 'menu':
+                       case 'meta':
+                       case 'nobr':
+                       case 'ol':
+                       case 'p':
+                       case 'pre':
+                       case 'ruby':
+                       case 's':
+                       case 'small':
+                       case 'span':
+                       case 'strong':
+                       case 'strike':
+                       case 'sub':
+                       case 'sup':
+                       case 'table':
+                       case 'tt':
+                       case 'u':
+                       case 'ul':
+                       case 'var':
+                               if ( $this->fragmentContext ) {
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               while ( true ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                                       $node = $this->stack->currentNode;
+                                       if (
+                                               $node->isMathmlTextIntegrationPoint() ||
+                                               $node->isHtmlIntegrationPoint() ||
+                                               $node->isHtml()
+                                       ) {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       // "Any other start tag"
+                       $adjusted = ( $this->fragmentContext && $this->stack->length() === 1 ) ?
+                               $this->fragmentContext : $this->stack->currentNode;
+                       $this->stack->insertForeignElement(
+                               $adjusted->namespaceURI, $value, $attribs
+                       );
+                       if ( $selfClose ) {
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                       }
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       $first = true;
+                       foreach ( $this->stack as $i => $node ) {
+                               if ( $node->isHtml() && !$first ) {
+                                       // process the end tag as HTML
+                                       $func = $this->parseMode;
+                                       return $this->$func( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               } elseif ( $i === 0 ) {
+                                       return true;
+                               } elseif ( $node->localName === $value ) {
+                                       $this->stack->popTag( $node );
+                                       return true;
+                               }
+                               $first = false;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Grab the next "token" from $bitsIterator.  This is either a open/close
+        * tag or text or a comment, depending on whether the Sanitizer approves.
+        */
+       private function advance() {
+               $x = $this->bitsIterator->current();
+               $this->bitsIterator->next();
+               $regs = [];
+               // Handle comments.  These won't be generated by mediawiki (they
+               // are stripped in the Sanitizer) but may be generated by extensions.
+               if (
+                       $this->allowComments &&
+                       !( $this->inRCDATA || $this->inRAWTEXT ) &&
+                       preg_match( self::VALID_COMMENT_REGEX, $x, $regs, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE ) &&
+                       // verify EOF condition where necessary
+                       ( $regs[4][1] < 0 || !$this->bitsIterator->valid() )
+               ) {
+                       $contents = $regs[2][0];
+                       $rest = $regs[5][0];
+                       $this->insertToken( 'comment', $contents );
+                       $this->insertToken( 'text', str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $rest ) );
+                       return;
+               }
+               // $slash: Does the current element start with a '/'?
+               // $t: Current element name
+               // $attribStr: String between element name and >
+               // $brace: Ending '>' or '/>'
+               // $rest: Everything until the next element from the $bitsIterator
+               if ( preg_match( Sanitizer::ELEMENT_BITS_REGEX, $x, $regs ) ) {
+                       list( /* $qbar */, $slash, $t, $attribStr, $brace, $rest ) = $regs;
+                       $t = strtolower( $t );
+                       if ( $this->strict ) {
+                               // Verify that attributes are all properly double-quoted
+                               Assert::invariant(
+                                       preg_match(
+                                               '/^( [:_A-Z0-9][-.:_A-Z0-9]*="[^"]*")*[ ]*$/i', $attribStr
+                                       ),
+                                       "Bad attribute string found"
+                               );
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       Assert::invariant(
+                               !$this->strict, "< found which does not start a valid tag"
+                       );
+                       $slash = $t = $attribStr = $brace = $rest = null;
+               }
+               $goodTag = $t;
+               if ( $this->inRCDATA ) {
+                       if ( $slash && $t === $this->inRCDATA ) {
+                               $this->inRCDATA = false;
+                       } else {
+                               // No tags allowed; this emulates the "rcdata" tokenizer mode.
+                               $goodTag = false;
+                       }
+               }
+               if ( $this->inRAWTEXT ) {
+                       if ( $slash && $t === $this->inRAWTEXT ) {
+                               $this->inRAWTEXT = false;
+                       } else {
+                               // No tags allowed, no entity-escaping done.
+                               $goodTag = false;
+                       }
+               }
+               $sanitize = $this->allowedHtmlElements !== null;
+               if ( $sanitize ) {
+                       $goodTag = $t && isset( $this->allowedHtmlElements[$t] );
+               }
+               if ( $goodTag ) {
+                       if ( is_callable( $this->processingCallback ) ) {
+                               call_user_func_array( $this->processingCallback, [ &$attribStr, $this->processingArgs ] );
+                       }
+                       if ( $sanitize ) {
+                               $goodTag = Sanitizer::validateTag( $attribStr, $t );
+                       }
+               }
+               if ( $goodTag ) {
+                       if ( $sanitize ) {
+                               $attribs = Sanitizer::decodeTagAttributes( $attribStr );
+                               $attribs = Sanitizer::validateTagAttributes( $attribs, $t );
+                       } else {
+                               $attribs = Sanitizer::decodeTagAttributes( $attribStr );
+                       }
+                       $goodTag = $this->insertToken(
+                               $slash ? 'endtag' : 'tag', $t, $attribs, $brace === '/>'
+                       );
+               }
+               if ( $goodTag ) {
+                       $rest = str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $rest );
+                       $this->insertToken( 'text', str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $rest ) );
+               } elseif ( $this->inRAWTEXT ) {
+                       $this->insertToken( 'text', "<$x" );
+               } else {
+                       // bad tag; serialize entire thing as text.
+                       $this->insertToken( 'text', '&lt;' . str_replace( '>', '&gt;', $x ) );
+               }
+       }
+
+       private function switchMode( $mode ) {
+               Assert::parameter(
+                       substr( $mode, -4 ) === 'Mode', '$mode', 'should end in Mode'
+               );
+               $oldMode = $this->parseMode;
+               $this->parseMode = $mode;
+               return $oldMode;
+       }
+
+       private function switchModeAndReprocess( $mode, $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose ) {
+               $this->switchMode( $mode );
+               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       private function resetInsertionMode() {
+               $last = false;
+               foreach ( $this->stack as $i => $node ) {
+                       if ( $i === 0 ) {
+                               $last = true;
+                               if ( $this->fragmentContext ) {
+                                       $node = $this->fragmentContext;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if ( $node->isHtml() ) {
+                               switch ( $node->localName ) {
+                               case 'select':
+                                       $stackLength = $this->stack->length();
+                                       for ( $j = $i + 1; $j < $stackLength - 1; $j++ ) {
+                                               $ancestor = $this->stack->node( $stackLength - $j - 1 );
+                                               if ( $ancestor->isHtmlNamed( 'template' ) ) {
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                               if ( $ancestor->isHtmlNamed( 'table' ) ) {
+                                                       $this->switchMode( 'inSelectInTableMode' );
+                                                       return;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inSelectMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'tr':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inRowMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'tbody':
+                               case 'tfoot':
+                               case 'thead':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inTableBodyMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'caption':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inCaptionMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'colgroup':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inColumnGroupMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'table':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inTableMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'template':
+                                       $this->switchMode(
+                                               array_slice( $this->templateInsertionModes, -1 )[0]
+                                       );
+                                       return;
+                               case 'body':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inBodyMode' );
+                                       return;
+                               // OMITTED: <frameset>
+                               // OMITTED: <html>
+                               // OMITTED: <head>
+                               default:
+                                       if ( !$last ) {
+                                               // OMITTED: <head>
+                                               if ( $node->isA( BalanceSets::$tableCellSet ) ) {
+                                                       $this->switchMode( 'inCellMode' );
+                                                       return;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if ( $last ) {
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inBodyMode' );
+                               return;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       private function stopParsing() {
+               // Most of the spec methods are inapplicable, other than step 2:
+               // "pop all the nodes off the stack of open elements".
+               // We're going to keep the top-most <html> element on the stack, though.
+
+               // Clear the AFE list first, otherwise the element objects will stay live
+               // during serialization, potentially using O(N^2) memory. Note that
+               // popping the stack will never result in reconstructing the active
+               // formatting elements.
+               $this->afe = null;
+               $this->stack->popTo( 1 );
+       }
+
+       private function parseRawText( $value, $attribs = null ) {
+               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+               $this->inRAWTEXT = $value;
+               $this->originalInsertionMode = $this->switchMode( 'inTextMode' );
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       private function inTextMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertText( $value );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'eof' ) {
+                       $this->stack->pop();
+                       return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                               $this->originalInsertionMode, $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+                       );
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       $this->stack->pop();
+                       $this->switchMode( $this->originalInsertionMode );
+                       return true;
+               }
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       private function inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       if ( preg_match( '/^[\x09\x0A\x0C\x0D\x20]+/', $value, $matches ) ) {
+                               $this->stack->insertText( $matches[0] );
+                               $value = substr( $value, strlen( $matches[0] ) );
+                       }
+                       if ( strlen( $value ) === 0 ) {
+                               return true; // All text handled.
+                       }
+                       // Fall through to handle non-whitespace below.
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'meta':
+                               // OMITTED: in a full HTML parser, this might change the encoding.
+                               // falls through
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'base':
+                       case 'basefont':
+                       case 'bgsound':
+                       case 'link':
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               return true;
+                       // OMITTED: <title>
+                       // OMITTED: <noscript>
+                       case 'noframes':
+                       case 'style':
+                               return $this->parseRawText( $value, $attribs );
+                       // OMITTED: <script>
+                       case 'template':
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->afe->insertMarker();
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inTemplateMode' );
+                               $this->templateInsertionModes[] = $this->parseMode;
+                               return true;
+                       // OMITTED: <head>
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       // OMITTED: <head>
+                       // OMITTED: <body>
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'br':
+                               break; // handle at the bottom of the function
+                       case 'template':
+                               if ( $this->stack->indexOf( $value ) < 0 ) {
+                                       return true; // Ignore the token.
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags( null, true /* thorough */ );
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               $this->afe->clearToMarker();
+                               array_pop( $this->templateInsertionModes );
+                               $this->resetInsertionMode();
+                               return true;
+                       default:
+                               // ignore any other end tag
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertComment( $value );
+                       return true;
+               }
+
+               // If not handled above
+               $this->inHeadMode( 'endtag', 'head' ); // synthetic </head>
+               // Then redo this one
+               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       private function inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                       $this->stack->insertText( $value );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'eof' ) {
+                       if ( !empty( $this->templateInsertionModes ) ) {
+                               return $this->inTemplateMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       $this->stopParsing();
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'base':
+                       case 'basefont':
+                       case 'bgsound':
+                       case 'link':
+                       case 'meta':
+                       case 'noframes':
+                       // OMITTED: <script>
+                       case 'style':
+                       case 'template':
+                       // OMITTED: <title>
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       // OMITTED: <body>
+                       // OMITTED: <frameset>
+
+                       case 'address':
+                       case 'article':
+                       case 'aside':
+                       case 'blockquote':
+                       case 'center':
+                       case 'details':
+                       case 'dialog':
+                       case 'dir':
+                       case 'div':
+                       case 'dl':
+                       case 'fieldset':
+                       case 'figcaption':
+                       case 'figure':
+                       case 'footer':
+                       case 'header':
+                       case 'hgroup':
+                       case 'main':
+                       case 'nav':
+                       case 'ol':
+                       case 'p':
+                       case 'section':
+                       case 'summary':
+                       case 'ul':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'menu':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( "p" ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'menuitem' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'h1':
+                       case 'h2':
+                       case 'h3':
+                       case 'h4':
+                       case 'h5':
+                       case 'h6':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isA( BalanceSets::$headingSet ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'pre':
+                       case 'listing':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->ignoreLinefeed = true;
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'form':
+                               if (
+                                       $this->formElementPointer &&
+                                       $this->stack->indexOf( 'template' ) < 0
+                               ) {
+                                       return true; // in a form, not in a template.
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( "p" ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               $elt = $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               if ( $this->stack->indexOf( 'template' ) < 0 ) {
+                                       $this->formElementPointer = $elt;
+                               }
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'li':
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               foreach ( $this->stack as $node ) {
+                                       if ( $node->isHtmlNamed( 'li' ) ) {
+                                               $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'li' );
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       if (
+                                               $node->isA( BalanceSets::$specialSet ) &&
+                                               !$node->isA( BalanceSets::$addressDivPSet )
+                                       ) {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'dd':
+                       case 'dt':
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               foreach ( $this->stack as $node ) {
+                                       if ( $node->isHtmlNamed( 'dd' ) ) {
+                                               $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'dd' );
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       if ( $node->isHtmlNamed( 'dt' ) ) {
+                                               $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'dt' );
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       if (
+                                               $node->isA( BalanceSets::$specialSet ) &&
+                                               !$node->isA( BalanceSets::$addressDivPSet )
+                                       ) {
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       // OMITTED: <plaintext>
+
+                       case 'button':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inScope( 'button' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'button' );
+                                       return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'a':
+                               $activeElement = $this->afe->findElementByTag( 'a' );
+                               if ( $activeElement ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'a' );
+                                       if ( $this->afe->isInList( $activeElement ) ) {
+                                               $this->afe->remove( $activeElement );
+                                               // Don't flatten here, since when we fall
+                                               // through below we might foster parent
+                                               // the new <a> tag inside this one.
+                                               $this->stack->removeElement( $activeElement, false );
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               // Falls through
+                       case 'b':
+                       case 'big':
+                       case 'code':
+                       case 'em':
+                       case 'font':
+                       case 'i':
+                       case 's':
+                       case 'small':
+                       case 'strike':
+                       case 'strong':
+                       case 'tt':
+                       case 'u':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->afe->push( $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs ) );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'nobr':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               if ( $this->stack->inScope( 'nobr' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'nobr' );
+                                       $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               }
+                               $this->afe->push( $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs ) );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'applet':
+                       case 'marquee':
+                       case 'object':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->afe->insertMarker();
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'table':
+                               // The document is never in "quirks mode"; see simplifications
+                               // above.
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inTableMode' );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'area':
+                       case 'br':
+                       case 'embed':
+                       case 'img':
+                       case 'keygen':
+                       case 'wbr':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'input':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               // (hence we don't need to examine the tag's "type" attribute)
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'param':
+                       case 'source':
+                       case 'track':
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'hr':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'p' );
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'menuitem' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'image':
+                               // warts!
+                               return $this->inBodyMode( $token, 'img', $attribs, $selfClose );
+
+                       case 'textarea':
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->ignoreLinefeed = true;
+                               $this->inRCDATA = $value; // emulate rcdata tokenizer mode
+                               // OMITTED: frameset_ok
+                               return true;
+
+                       // OMITTED: <xmp>
+                       // OMITTED: <iframe>
+                       // OMITTED: <noembed>
+                       // OMITTED: <noscript>
+
+                       case 'select':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               switch ( $this->parseMode ) {
+                               case 'inTableMode':
+                               case 'inCaptionMode':
+                               case 'inTableBodyMode':
+                               case 'inRowMode':
+                               case 'inCellMode':
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inSelectInTableMode' );
+                                       return true;
+                               default:
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inSelectMode' );
+                                       return true;
+                               }
+
+                       case 'optgroup':
+                       case 'option':
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'option' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'endtag', 'option' );
+                               }
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'menuitem':
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'menuitem' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'rb':
+                       case 'rtc':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inScope( 'ruby' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'rp':
+                       case 'rt':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inScope( 'ruby' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags( 'rtc' );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'math':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               // We skip the spec's "adjust MathML attributes" and
+                               // "adjust foreign attributes" steps, since the browser will
+                               // do this later when it parses the output and it doesn't affect
+                               // balancing.
+                               $this->stack->insertForeignElement(
+                                       BalanceSets::MATHML_NAMESPACE, $value, $attribs
+                               );
+                               if ( $selfClose ) {
+                                       // emit explicit </math> tag.
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'svg':
+                               $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                               // We skip the spec's "adjust SVG attributes" and
+                               // "adjust foreign attributes" steps, since the browser will
+                               // do this later when it parses the output and it doesn't affect
+                               // balancing.
+                               $this->stack->insertForeignElement(
+                                       BalanceSets::SVG_NAMESPACE, $value, $attribs
+                               );
+                               if ( $selfClose ) {
+                                       // emit explicit </svg> tag.
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       // OMITTED: <frame>
+                       case 'head':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               // Ignore table tags if we're not inTableMode
+                               return true;
+                       }
+
+                       // Handle any other start tag here
+                       $this->afe->reconstruct( $this->stack );
+                       $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       // </body>,</html> are unsupported.
+
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+
+                       case 'address':
+                       case 'article':
+                       case 'aside':
+                       case 'blockquote':
+                       case 'button':
+                       case 'center':
+                       case 'details':
+                       case 'dialog':
+                       case 'dir':
+                       case 'div':
+                       case 'dl':
+                       case 'fieldset':
+                       case 'figcaption':
+                       case 'figure':
+                       case 'footer':
+                       case 'header':
+                       case 'hgroup':
+                       case 'listing':
+                       case 'main':
+                       case 'menu':
+                       case 'nav':
+                       case 'ol':
+                       case 'pre':
+                       case 'section':
+                       case 'summary':
+                       case 'ul':
+                               // Ignore if there is not a matching open tag
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true;
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'form':
+                               if ( $this->stack->indexOf( 'template' ) < 0 ) {
+                                       $openform = $this->formElementPointer;
+                                       $this->formElementPointer = null;
+                                       if ( !$openform || !$this->stack->inScope( $openform ) ) {
+                                               return true;
+                                       }
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                                       // Don't flatten yet if we're removing a <form> element
+                                       // out-of-order. (eg. `<form><div></form>`)
+                                       $flatten = ( $this->stack->currentNode === $openform );
+                                       $this->stack->removeElement( $openform, $flatten );
+                               } else {
+                                       if ( !$this->stack->inScope( 'form' ) ) {
+                                               return true;
+                                       }
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                                       $this->stack->popTag( 'form' );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'p':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inButtonScope( 'p' ) ) {
+                                       $this->inBodyMode( 'tag', 'p', [] );
+                                       return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags( $value );
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'li':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inListItemScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags( $value );
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'dd':
+                       case 'dt':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags( $value );
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'h1':
+                       case 'h2':
+                       case 'h3':
+                       case 'h4':
+                       case 'h5':
+                       case 'h6':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inScope( BalanceSets::$headingSet ) ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                               $this->stack->popTag( BalanceSets::$headingSet );
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'sarcasm':
+                               // Take a deep breath, then:
+                               break;
+
+                       case 'a':
+                       case 'b':
+                       case 'big':
+                       case 'code':
+                       case 'em':
+                       case 'font':
+                       case 'i':
+                       case 'nobr':
+                       case 's':
+                       case 'small':
+                       case 'strike':
+                       case 'strong':
+                       case 'tt':
+                       case 'u':
+                               if ( $this->stack->adoptionAgency( $value, $this->afe ) ) {
+                                       return true; // If we did something, we're done.
+                               }
+                               break; // Go to the "any other end tag" case.
+
+                       case 'applet':
+                       case 'marquee':
+                       case 'object':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               $this->afe->clearToMarker();
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'br':
+                               // Turn </br> into <br>
+                               return $this->inBodyMode( 'tag', $value, [] );
+                       }
+
+                       // Any other end tag goes here
+                       foreach ( $this->stack as $i => $node ) {
+                               if ( $node->isHtmlNamed( $value ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags( $value );
+                                       $this->stack->popTo( $i ); // including $i
+                                       break;
+                               } elseif ( $node->isA( BalanceSets::$specialSet ) ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore this close token.
+                               }
+                       }
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertComment( $value );
+                       return true;
+               } else {
+                       Assert::invariant( false, "Bad token type: $token" );
+               }
+       }
+
+       private function inTableMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       if ( $this->textIntegrationMode ) {
+                               return $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       } elseif ( $this->stack->currentNode->isA( BalanceSets::$tableSectionRowSet ) ) {
+                               $this->pendingTableText = '';
+                               $this->originalInsertionMode = $this->parseMode;
+                               return $this->switchModeAndReprocess( 'inTableTextMode',
+                                       $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       // fall through to default case.
+               } elseif ( $token === 'eof' ) {
+                       $this->stopParsing();
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'caption':
+                               $this->afe->insertMarker();
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inCaptionMode' );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                               $this->stack->clearToContext( BalanceSets::$tableContextSet );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inColumnGroupMode' );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'col':
+                               $this->inTableMode( 'tag', 'colgroup', [] );
+                               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                               $this->stack->clearToContext( BalanceSets::$tableContextSet );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inTableBodyMode' );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               $this->inTableMode( 'tag', 'tbody', [] );
+                               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       case 'table':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true; // Ignore this tag.
+                               }
+                               $this->inTableMode( 'endtag', $value );
+                               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+
+                       case 'style':
+                       // OMITTED: <script>
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+
+                       case 'input':
+                               if ( !isset( $attribs['type'] ) || strcasecmp( $attribs['type'], 'hidden' ) !== 0 ) {
+                                       break; // Handle this as "everything else"
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'form':
+                               if (
+                                       $this->formElementPointer ||
+                                       $this->stack->indexOf( 'template' ) >= 0
+                               ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore this token
+                               }
+                               $this->formElementPointer =
+                                       $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $this->formElementPointer );
+                               return true;
+                       }
+                       // Fall through for "anything else" clause.
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'table':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true; // Ignore.
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               $this->resetInsertionMode();
+                               return true;
+                       // OMITTED: <body>
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               return true; // Ignore the token.
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       // Fall through for "anything else" clause.
+               } elseif ( $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertComment( $value );
+                       return true;
+               }
+               // This is the "anything else" case:
+               $this->stack->fosterParentMode = true;
+               $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+               $this->stack->fosterParentMode = false;
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       private function inTableTextMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       $this->pendingTableText .= $value;
+                       return true;
+               }
+               // Non-text token:
+               $text = $this->pendingTableText;
+               $this->pendingTableText = '';
+               if ( preg_match( '/[^\x09\x0A\x0C\x0D\x20]/', $text ) ) {
+                       // This should match the "anything else" case inTableMode
+                       $this->stack->fosterParentMode = true;
+                       $this->inBodyMode( 'text', $text );
+                       $this->stack->fosterParentMode = false;
+               } else {
+                       // Pending text is just whitespace.
+                       $this->stack->insertText( $text );
+               }
+               return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                       $this->originalInsertionMode, $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+               );
+       }
+
+       // helper for inCaptionMode
+       private function endCaption() {
+               if ( !$this->stack->inTableScope( 'caption' ) ) {
+                       return false;
+               }
+               $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+               $this->stack->popTag( 'caption' );
+               $this->afe->clearToMarker();
+               $this->switchMode( 'inTableMode' );
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       private function inCaptionMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               if ( $this->endCaption() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       }
+                       // Fall through to "anything else" case.
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'caption':
+                               $this->endCaption();
+                               return true;
+                       case 'table':
+                               if ( $this->endCaption() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       case 'body':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               // Ignore the token
+                               return true;
+                       }
+                       // Fall through to "anything else" case.
+               }
+               // The Anything Else case
+               return $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       private function inColumnGroupMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       if ( preg_match( '/^[\x09\x0A\x0C\x0D\x20]+/', $value, $matches ) ) {
+                               $this->stack->insertText( $matches[0] );
+                               $value = substr( $value, strlen( $matches[0] ) );
+                       }
+                       if ( strlen( $value ) === 0 ) {
+                               return true; // All text handled.
+                       }
+                       // Fall through to handle non-whitespace below.
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'col':
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               return true;
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       // Fall through for "anything else".
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'colgroup' ) ) {
+                                       return true; // Ignore the token.
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->pop();
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inTableMode' );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'col':
+                               return true; // Ignore the token.
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       // Fall through for "anything else".
+               } elseif ( $token === 'eof' ) {
+                       return $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+               } elseif ( $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertComment( $value );
+                       return true;
+               }
+
+               // Anything else
+               if ( !$this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'colgroup' ) ) {
+                       return true; // Ignore the token.
+               }
+               $this->inColumnGroupMode( 'endtag', 'colgroup' );
+               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       // Helper function for inTableBodyMode
+       private function endSection() {
+               if ( !(
+                       $this->stack->inTableScope( 'tbody' ) ||
+                       $this->stack->inTableScope( 'thead' ) ||
+                       $this->stack->inTableScope( 'tfoot' )
+               ) ) {
+                       return false;
+               }
+               $this->stack->clearToContext( BalanceSets::$tableBodyContextSet );
+               $this->stack->pop();
+               $this->switchMode( 'inTableMode' );
+               return true;
+       }
+       private function inTableBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'tr':
+                               $this->stack->clearToContext( BalanceSets::$tableBodyContextSet );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inRowMode' );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'td':
+                               $this->inTableBodyMode( 'tag', 'tr', [] );
+                               $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                               if ( $this->endSection() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'table':
+                               if ( $this->endSection() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       $this->endSection();
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       // OMITTED: <body>
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               return true; // Ignore the token.
+                       }
+               }
+               // Anything else:
+               return $this->inTableMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       // Helper function for inRowMode
+       private function endRow() {
+               if ( !$this->stack->inTableScope( 'tr' ) ) {
+                       return false;
+               }
+               $this->stack->clearToContext( BalanceSets::$tableRowContextSet );
+               $this->stack->pop();
+               $this->switchMode( 'inTableBodyMode' );
+               return true;
+       }
+       private function inRowMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'td':
+                               $this->stack->clearToContext( BalanceSets::$tableRowContextSet );
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               $this->switchMode( 'inCellMode' );
+                               $this->afe->insertMarker();
+                               return true;
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               if ( $this->endRow() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'tr':
+                               $this->endRow();
+                               return true;
+                       case 'table':
+                               if ( $this->endRow() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                               if (
+                                       $this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) &&
+                                       $this->endRow()
+                               ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       // OMITTED: <body>
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'th':
+                               return true; // Ignore the token.
+                       }
+               }
+               // Anything else:
+               return $this->inTableMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       // Helper for inCellMode
+       private function endCell() {
+               if ( $this->stack->inTableScope( 'td' ) ) {
+                       $this->inCellMode( 'endtag', 'td' );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $this->stack->inTableScope( 'th' ) ) {
+                       $this->inCellMode( 'endtag', 'th' );
+                       return true;
+               } else {
+                       return false;
+               }
+       }
+       private function inCellMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'th':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               if ( $this->endCell() ) {
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'th':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                                       $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                                       $this->afe->clearToMarker();
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inRowMode' );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       // OMITTED: <body>
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'col':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                               return true;
+
+                       case 'table':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                       case 'tr':
+                               if ( $this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->generateImpliedEndTags();
+                                       $this->stack->popTag( BalanceSets::$tableCellSet );
+                                       $this->afe->clearToMarker();
+                                       $this->switchMode( 'inRowMode' );
+                                       $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               }
+               // Anything else:
+               return $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       private function inSelectMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertText( $value );
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'eof' ) {
+                       return $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       // OMITTED: <html>
+                       case 'option':
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'option' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'optgroup':
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'option' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'optgroup' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->insertHTMLElement( $value, $attribs );
+                               return true;
+                       case 'select':
+                               $this->inSelectMode( 'endtag', $value ); // treat it like endtag
+                               return true;
+                       case 'input':
+                       case 'keygen':
+                       case 'textarea':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inSelectScope( 'select' ) ) {
+                                       return true; // ignore token (fragment case)
+                               }
+                               $this->inSelectMode( 'endtag', 'select' );
+                               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       case 'script':
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'optgroup':
+                               if (
+                                       $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'option' ) &&
+                                       $this->stack->length() >= 2 &&
+                                       $this->stack->node( $this->stack->length() - 2 )->isHtmlNamed( 'optgroup' )
+                               ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'optgroup' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       case 'option':
+                               if ( $this->stack->currentNode->isHtmlNamed( 'option' ) ) {
+                                       $this->stack->pop();
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       case 'select':
+                               if ( !$this->stack->inSelectScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       return true; // fragment case
+                               }
+                               $this->stack->popTag( $value );
+                               $this->resetInsertionMode();
+                               return true;
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+               } elseif ( $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       $this->stack->insertComment( $value );
+                       return true;
+               }
+               // anything else: just ignore the token
+               return true;
+       }
+
+       private function inSelectInTableMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               switch ( $value ) {
+               case 'caption':
+               case 'table':
+               case 'tbody':
+               case 'tfoot':
+               case 'thead':
+               case 'tr':
+               case 'td':
+               case 'th':
+                       if ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                               $this->inSelectInTableMode( 'endtag', 'select' );
+                               return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                               if ( $this->stack->inTableScope( $value ) ) {
+                                       $this->inSelectInTableMode( 'endtag', 'select' );
+                                       return $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                               }
+                               return true;
+                       }
+               }
+               // anything else
+               return $this->inSelectMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+       }
+
+       private function inTemplateMode( $token, $value, $attribs = null, $selfClose = false ) {
+               if ( $token === 'text' || $token === 'comment' ) {
+                       return $this->inBodyMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+               } elseif ( $token === 'eof' ) {
+                       if ( $this->stack->indexOf( 'template' ) < 0 ) {
+                               $this->stopParsing();
+                       } else {
+                               $this->stack->popTag( 'template' );
+                               $this->afe->clearToMarker();
+                               array_pop( $this->templateInsertionModes );
+                               $this->resetInsertionMode();
+                               $this->insertToken( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       return true;
+               } elseif ( $token === 'tag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'base':
+                       case 'basefont':
+                       case 'bgsound':
+                       case 'link':
+                       case 'meta':
+                       case 'noframes':
+                       // OMITTED: <script>
+                       case 'style':
+                       case 'template':
+                       // OMITTED: <title>
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+
+                       case 'caption':
+                       case 'colgroup':
+                       case 'tbody':
+                       case 'tfoot':
+                       case 'thead':
+                               return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                                       'inTableMode', $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+                               );
+
+                       case 'col':
+                               return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                                       'inColumnGroupMode', $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+                               );
+
+                       case 'tr':
+                               return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                                       'inTableBodyMode', $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+                               );
+
+                       case 'td':
+                       case 'th':
+                               return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                                       'inRowMode', $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+                               );
+                       }
+                       return $this->switchModeAndReprocess(
+                               'inBodyMode', $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose
+                       );
+               } elseif ( $token === 'endtag' ) {
+                       switch ( $value ) {
+                       case 'template':
+                               return $this->inHeadMode( $token, $value, $attribs, $selfClose );
+                       }
+                       return true;
+               } else {
+                       Assert::invariant( false, "Bad token type: $token" );
+               }
+       }
+}