]> scripts.mit.edu Git - autoinstallsdev/mediawiki.git/blobdiff - includes/json/Services_JSON.php
MediaWiki 1.30.2
[autoinstallsdev/mediawiki.git] / includes / json / Services_JSON.php
diff --git a/includes/json/Services_JSON.php b/includes/json/Services_JSON.php
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-<?php
-/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
-
-/**
-* Converts to and from JSON format.
-*
-* JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange
-* format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines
-* to parse and generate. It is based on a subset of the JavaScript
-* Programming Language, Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition - December 1999.
-* This feature can also be found in  Python. JSON is a text format that is
-* completely language independent but uses conventions that are familiar
-* to programmers of the C-family of languages, including C, C++, C#, Java,
-* JavaScript, Perl, TCL, and many others. These properties make JSON an
-* ideal data-interchange language.
-*
-* This package provides a simple encoder and decoder for JSON notation. It
-* is intended for use with client-side Javascript applications that make
-* use of HTTPRequest to perform server communication functions - data can
-* be encoded into JSON notation for use in a client-side javascript, or
-* decoded from incoming Javascript requests. JSON format is native to
-* Javascript, and can be directly eval()'ed with no further parsing
-* overhead
-*
-* All strings should be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-*
-* LICENSE: Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
-* without modification, are permitted provided that the following
-* conditions are met: Redistributions of source code must retain the
-* above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
-* disclaimer. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
-* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
-* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
-* distribution.
-*
-* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
-* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN
-* NO EVENT SHALL CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
-* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
-* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
-* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
-* ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
-* TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
-* USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
-* DAMAGE.
-*
-* @file
-* @ingroup API
-* @author Michal Migurski <mike-json@teczno.com>
-* @author Matt Knapp <mdknapp[at]gmail[dot]com>
-* @author Brett Stimmerman <brettstimmerman[at]gmail[dot]com>
-* @copyright 2005 Michal Migurski
-* @version CVS: $Id$
-* @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php
-* @see http://pear.php.net/pepr/pepr-proposal-show.php?id=198
-*/
-
-/**
-* Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_SLICE',   1);
-
-/**
-* Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR',  2);
-
-/**
-* Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR',  3);
-
-/**
-* Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ',  4);
-
-/**
-* Marker constant for Services_JSON::decode(), used to flag stack state
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT', 5);
-
-/**
-* Behavior switch for Services_JSON::decode()
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE', 16);
-
-/**
-* Behavior switch for Services_JSON::decode()
-*/
-define('SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS', 32);
-
-/**
- * Converts to and from JSON format.
- *
- * Brief example of use:
- *
- * <code>
- * // create a new instance of Services_JSON
- * $json = new Services_JSON();
- *
- * // convert a complexe value to JSON notation, and send it to the browser
- * $value = array('foo', 'bar', array(1, 2, 'baz'), array(3, array(4)));
- * $output = $json->encode($value);
- *
- * print($output);
- * // prints: ["foo","bar",[1,2,"baz"],[3,[4]]]
- *
- * // accept incoming POST data, assumed to be in JSON notation
- * $input = file_get_contents('php://input', 1000000);
- * $value = $json->decode($input);
- * </code>
- *
- * @ingroup API
- */
-class Services_JSON
-{
-       /**
-        * constructs a new JSON instance
-        *
-        * @param $use Integer: object behavior flags; combine with boolean-OR
-        *
-        *      possible values:
-        *      - SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE:  loose typing.
-        *                      "{...}" syntax creates associative arrays
-        *                      instead of objects in decode().
-        *      - SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS:  error suppression.
-        *                      Values which can't be encoded (e.g. resources)
-        *                      appear as NULL instead of throwing errors.
-        *                      By default, a deeply-nested resource will
-        *                      bubble up with an error, so all return values
-        *                      from encode() should be checked with isError()
-        */
-       function __construct($use = 0)
-       {
-               $this->use = $use;
-       }
-       
-       private static $mHavePear = null;
-       /**
-        * Returns cached result of class_exists('pear'), to avoid calling AutoLoader numerous times
-        * in cases when PEAR is not present.
-        * @return boolean
-        */
-       private static function pearInstalled() {
-               if ( self::$mHavePear === null ) {
-                       self::$mHavePear = class_exists( 'pear' );
-               }
-               return self::$mHavePear;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * convert a string from one UTF-16 char to one UTF-8 char
-        *
-        * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
-        * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
-        * that lack the multibye string extension.
-        *
-        * @param $utf16 String: UTF-16 character
-        * @return String: UTF-8 character
-        * @access private
-        */
-       function utf162utf8($utf16)
-       {
-               // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
-               if(function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
-                       return mb_convert_encoding($utf16, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-16');
-               }
-
-               $bytes = (ord($utf16{0}) << 8) | ord($utf16{1});
-
-               switch(true) {
-                       case ((0x7F & $bytes) == $bytes):
-                               // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
-                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                               return chr(0x7F & $bytes);
-
-                       case (0x07FF & $bytes) == $bytes:
-                               // return a 2-byte UTF-8 character
-                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                               return chr(0xC0 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x1F))
-                                        . chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
-
-                       case (0xFC00 & $bytes) == 0xD800 && strlen($utf16) >= 4 && (0xFC & ord($utf16{2})) == 0xDC:
-                               // return a 4-byte UTF-8 character
-                               $char = ((($bytes & 0x03FF) << 10)
-                                          | ((ord($utf16{2}) & 0x03) << 8)
-                                          | ord($utf16{3}));
-                               $char += 0x10000;
-                               return chr(0xF0 | (($char >> 18) & 0x07))
-                                        . chr(0x80 | (($char >> 12) & 0x3F))
-                                        . chr(0x80 | (($char >> 6) & 0x3F))
-                                        . chr(0x80 | ($char & 0x3F));
-
-                       case (0xFFFF & $bytes) == $bytes:
-                               // return a 3-byte UTF-8 character
-                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                               return chr(0xE0 | (($bytes >> 12) & 0x0F))
-                                        . chr(0x80 | (($bytes >> 6) & 0x3F))
-                                        . chr(0x80 | ($bytes & 0x3F));
-               }
-
-               // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
-               return '';
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * convert a string from one UTF-8 char to one UTF-16 char
-        *
-        * Normally should be handled by mb_convert_encoding, but
-        * provides a slower PHP-only method for installations
-        * that lack the multibye string extension.
-        *
-        * @param $utf8 String: UTF-8 character
-        * @return String: UTF-16 character
-        * @access private
-        */
-       function utf82utf16($utf8)
-       {
-               // oh please oh please oh please oh please oh please
-               if(function_exists('mb_convert_encoding')) {
-                       return mb_convert_encoding($utf8, 'UTF-16', 'UTF-8');
-               }
-
-               switch(strlen($utf8)) {
-                       case 1:
-                               // this case should never be reached, because we are in ASCII range
-                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                               return $utf8;
-
-                       case 2:
-                               // return a UTF-16 character from a 2-byte UTF-8 char
-                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                               return chr(0x07 & (ord($utf8{0}) >> 2))
-                                        . chr((0xC0 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 6))
-                                                | (0x3F & ord($utf8{1})));
-
-                       case 3:
-                               // return a UTF-16 character from a 3-byte UTF-8 char
-                               // see: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                               return chr((0xF0 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 4))
-                                                | (0x0F & (ord($utf8{1}) >> 2)))
-                                        . chr((0xC0 & (ord($utf8{1}) << 6))
-                                                | (0x7F & ord($utf8{2})));
-
-                       case 4:
-                               // return a UTF-16 surrogate pair from a 4-byte UTF-8 char
-                               if(ord($utf8{0}) > 0xF4) return ''; # invalid
-                               $char = ((0x1C0000 & (ord($utf8{0}) << 18))
-                                          | (0x03F000 & (ord($utf8{1}) << 12))
-                                          | (0x000FC0 & (ord($utf8{2}) << 6))
-                                          | (0x00003F & ord($utf8{3})));
-                               if($char > 0x10FFFF) return ''; # invalid
-                               $char -= 0x10000;
-                               return chr(0xD8 | (($char >> 18) & 0x03))
-                                        . chr(($char >> 10) & 0xFF)
-                                        . chr(0xDC | (($char >> 8) & 0x03))
-                                        . chr($char & 0xFF);
-               }
-
-               // ignoring UTF-32 for now, sorry
-               return '';
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format
-        *
-        * @param $var Mixed: any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
-        *                      see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
-        *                      if var is a strng, note that encode() always expects it
-        *                      to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-        * @param $pretty Boolean: pretty-print output with indents and newlines
-        *
-        * @return mixed JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
-        * @access public
-        */
-       function encode($var, $pretty=false)
-       {
-               $this->indent = 0;
-               $this->pretty = $pretty;
-               $this->nameValSeparator = $pretty ? ': ' : ':';
-               return $this->encode2($var);
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * encodes an arbitrary variable into JSON format
-        *
-        * @param $var Mixed: any number, boolean, string, array, or object to be encoded.
-        *                      see argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for array-parsing behavior.
-        *                      if var is a strng, note that encode() always expects it
-        *                      to be in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-        *
-        * @return mixed JSON string representation of input var or an error if a problem occurs
-        * @access private
-        */
-       function encode2($var)
-       {
-               if ($this->pretty) {
-                       $close = "\n" . str_repeat("\t", $this->indent);
-                       $open = $close . "\t";
-                       $mid = ',' . $open;
-               }
-               else {
-                       $open = $close = '';
-                       $mid = ',';
-               }
-
-               switch (gettype($var)) {
-                       case 'boolean':
-                               return $var ? 'true' : 'false';
-
-                       case 'NULL':
-                               return 'null';
-
-                       case 'integer':
-                               return (int) $var;
-
-                       case 'double':
-                       case 'float':
-                               return (float) $var;
-
-                       case 'string':
-                               // STRINGS ARE EXPECTED TO BE IN ASCII OR UTF-8 FORMAT
-                               $ascii = '';
-                               $strlen_var = strlen($var);
-
-                          /*
-                               * Iterate over every character in the string,
-                               * escaping with a slash or encoding to UTF-8 where necessary
-                               */
-                               for ($c = 0; $c < $strlen_var; ++$c) {
-
-                                       $ord_var_c = ord($var{$c});
-
-                                       switch (true) {
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x08:
-                                                       $ascii .= '\b';
-                                                       break;
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x09:
-                                                       $ascii .= '\t';
-                                                       break;
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x0A:
-                                                       $ascii .= '\n';
-                                                       break;
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x0C:
-                                                       $ascii .= '\f';
-                                                       break;
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x0D:
-                                                       $ascii .= '\r';
-                                                       break;
-
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x22:
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x2F:
-                                               case $ord_var_c == 0x5C:
-                                                       // double quote, slash, slosh
-                                                       $ascii .= '\\'.$var{$c};
-                                                       break;
-
-                                               case (($ord_var_c >= 0x20) && ($ord_var_c <= 0x7F)):
-                                                       // characters U-00000000 - U-0000007F (same as ASCII)
-                                                       $ascii .= $var{$c};
-                                                       break;
-
-                                               case (($ord_var_c & 0xE0) == 0xC0):
-                                                       // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
-                                                       // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                       $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c, ord($var{$c + 1}));
-                                                       $c += 1;
-                                                       $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
-                                                       $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
-                                                       break;
-
-                                               case (($ord_var_c & 0xF0) == 0xE0):
-                                                       // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
-                                                       // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                       $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
-                                                                       ord($var{$c + 1}),
-                                                                       ord($var{$c + 2}));
-                                                       $c += 2;
-                                                       $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
-                                                       $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16));
-                                                       break;
-
-                                               case (($ord_var_c & 0xF8) == 0xF0):
-                                                       // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
-                                                       // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                       // These will always return a surrogate pair
-                                                       $char = pack('C*', $ord_var_c,
-                                                                       ord($var{$c + 1}),
-                                                                       ord($var{$c + 2}),
-                                                                       ord($var{$c + 3}));
-                                                       $c += 3;
-                                                       $utf16 = $this->utf82utf16($char);
-                                                       if($utf16 == '') {
-                                                               $ascii .= '\ufffd';
-                                                       } else {
-                                                               $utf16 = str_split($utf16, 2);
-                                                               $ascii .= sprintf('\u%04s\u%04s', bin2hex($utf16[0]), bin2hex($utf16[1]));
-                                                       }
-                                                       break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               return '"'.$ascii.'"';
-
-                       case 'array':
-                          /*
-                               * As per JSON spec if any array key is not an integer
-                               * we must treat the the whole array as an object. We
-                               * also try to catch a sparsely populated associative
-                               * array with numeric keys here because some JS engines
-                               * will create an array with empty indexes up to
-                               * max_index which can cause memory issues and because
-                               * the keys, which may be relevant, will be remapped
-                               * otherwise.
-                               *
-                               * As per the ECMA and JSON specification an object may
-                               * have any string as a property. Unfortunately due to
-                               * a hole in the ECMA specification if the key is a
-                               * ECMA reserved word or starts with a digit the
-                               * parameter is only accessible using ECMAScript's
-                               * bracket notation.
-                               */
-
-                               // treat as a JSON object
-                               if (is_array($var) && count($var) && (array_keys($var) !== range(0, sizeof($var) - 1))) {
-                                       $this->indent++;
-                                       $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
-                                                               array_keys($var),
-                                                               array_values($var));
-                                       $this->indent--;
-
-                                       foreach($properties as $property) {
-                                               if($this->isError($property)) {
-                                                       return $property;
-                                               }
-                                       }
-
-                                       return '{' . $open . join($mid, $properties) . $close . '}';
-                               }
-
-                               // treat it like a regular array
-                               $this->indent++;
-                               $elements = array_map(array($this, 'encode2'), $var);
-                               $this->indent--;
-
-                               foreach($elements as $element) {
-                                       if($this->isError($element)) {
-                                               return $element;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               return '[' . $open . join($mid, $elements) . $close . ']';
-
-                       case 'object':
-                               $vars = get_object_vars($var);
-
-                               $this->indent++;
-                               $properties = array_map(array($this, 'name_value'),
-                                                       array_keys($vars),
-                                                       array_values($vars));
-                               $this->indent--;
-
-                               foreach($properties as $property) {
-                                       if($this->isError($property)) {
-                                               return $property;
-                                       }
-                               }
-
-                               return '{' . $open . join($mid, $properties) . $close . '}';
-
-                       default:
-                               return ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_SUPPRESS_ERRORS)
-                                       ? 'null'
-                                       : new Services_JSON_Error(gettype($var)." can not be encoded as JSON string");
-               }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * array-walking function for use in generating JSON-formatted name-value pairs
-        *
-        * @param $name String: name of key to use
-        * @param $value Mixed: reference to an array element to be encoded
-        *
-        * @return String: JSON-formatted name-value pair, like '"name":value'
-        * @access private
-        */
-       function name_value($name, $value)
-       {
-               $encoded_value = $this->encode2($value);
-
-               if($this->isError($encoded_value)) {
-                       return $encoded_value;
-               }
-
-               return $this->encode2(strval($name)) . $this->nameValSeparator . $encoded_value;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * reduce a string by removing leading and trailing comments and whitespace
-        *
-        * @param $str String: string value to strip of comments and whitespace
-        *
-        * @return String: string value stripped of comments and whitespace
-        * @access private
-        */
-       function reduce_string($str)
-       {
-               $str = preg_replace(array(
-
-                               // eliminate single line comments in '// ...' form
-                               '#^\s*//(.+)$#m',
-
-                               // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at start of string
-                               '#^\s*/\*(.+)\*/#Us',
-
-                               // eliminate multi-line comments in '/* ... */' form, at end of string
-                               '#/\*(.+)\*/\s*$#Us'
-
-                       ), '', $str);
-
-               // eliminate extraneous space
-               return trim($str);
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * decodes a JSON string into appropriate variable
-        *
-        * @param $str String: JSON-formatted string
-        *
-        * @return mixed number, boolean, string, array, or object
-        *                 corresponding to given JSON input string.
-        *                 See argument 1 to Services_JSON() above for object-output behavior.
-        *                 Note that decode() always returns strings
-        *                 in ASCII or UTF-8 format!
-        * @access public
-        */
-       function decode($str)
-       {
-               $str = $this->reduce_string($str);
-
-               switch (strtolower($str)) {
-                       case 'true':
-                               return true;
-
-                       case 'false':
-                               return false;
-
-                       case 'null':
-                               return null;
-
-                       default:
-                               $m = array();
-
-                               if (is_numeric($str)) {
-                                       // Lookie-loo, it's a number
-
-                                       // This would work on its own, but I'm trying to be
-                                       // good about returning integers where appropriate:
-                                       // return (float)$str;
-
-                                       // Return float or int, as appropriate
-                                       return ((float)$str == (integer)$str)
-                                               ? (integer)$str
-                                               : (float)$str;
-
-                               } elseif (preg_match('/^("|\').*(\1)$/s', $str, $m) && $m[1] == $m[2]) {
-                                       // STRINGS RETURNED IN UTF-8 FORMAT
-                                       $delim = substr($str, 0, 1);
-                                       $chrs = substr($str, 1, -1);
-                                       $utf8 = '';
-                                       $strlen_chrs = strlen($chrs);
-
-                                       for ($c = 0; $c < $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {
-
-                                               $substr_chrs_c_2 = substr($chrs, $c, 2);
-                                               $ord_chrs_c = ord($chrs{$c});
-
-                                               switch (true) {
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\b':
-                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x08);
-                                                               ++$c;
-                                                               break;
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\t':
-                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x09);
-                                                               ++$c;
-                                                               break;
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\n':
-                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x0A);
-                                                               ++$c;
-                                                               break;
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\f':
-                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x0C);
-                                                               ++$c;
-                                                               break;
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\r':
-                                                               $utf8 .= chr(0x0D);
-                                                               ++$c;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\"':
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\'':
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\\\':
-                                                       case $substr_chrs_c_2 == '\\/':
-                                                               if (($delim == '"' && $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\\'') ||
-                                                                  ($delim == "'" && $substr_chrs_c_2 != '\\"')) {
-                                                                       $utf8 .= $chrs{++$c};
-                                                               }
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case preg_match('/\\\uD[89AB][0-9A-F]{2}\\\uD[C-F][0-9A-F]{2}/i', substr($chrs, $c, 12)):
-                                                               // escaped unicode surrogate pair
-                                                               $utf16 = chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
-                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)))
-                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 8), 2)))
-                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 10), 2)));
-                                                               $utf8 .= $this->utf162utf8($utf16);
-                                                               $c += 11;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case preg_match('/\\\u[0-9A-F]{4}/i', substr($chrs, $c, 6)):
-                                                               // single, escaped unicode character
-                                                               $utf16 = chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 2), 2)))
-                                                                          . chr(hexdec(substr($chrs, ($c + 4), 2)));
-                                                               $utf8 .= $this->utf162utf8($utf16);
-                                                               $c += 5;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c >= 0x20) && ($ord_chrs_c <= 0x7F):
-                                                               $utf8 .= $chrs{$c};
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xE0) == 0xC0:
-                                                               // characters U-00000080 - U-000007FF, mask 110XXXXX
-                                                               //see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 2);
-                                                               ++$c;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xF0) == 0xE0:
-                                                               // characters U-00000800 - U-0000FFFF, mask 1110XXXX
-                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 3);
-                                                               $c += 2;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xF8) == 0xF0:
-                                                               // characters U-00010000 - U-001FFFFF, mask 11110XXX
-                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 4);
-                                                               $c += 3;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xFC) == 0xF8:
-                                                               // characters U-00200000 - U-03FFFFFF, mask 111110XX
-                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 5);
-                                                               $c += 4;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                                       case ($ord_chrs_c & 0xFE) == 0xFC:
-                                                               // characters U-04000000 - U-7FFFFFFF, mask 1111110X
-                                                               // see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#utf-8
-                                                               $utf8 .= substr($chrs, $c, 6);
-                                                               $c += 5;
-                                                               break;
-
-                                               }
-
-                                       }
-
-                                       return $utf8;
-
-                               } elseif (preg_match('/^\[.*\]$/s', $str) || preg_match('/^\{.*\}$/s', $str)) {
-                                       // array, or object notation
-
-                                       if ($str{0} == '[') {
-                                               $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR);
-                                               $arr = array();
-                                       } else {
-                                               if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
-                                                       $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
-                                                       $obj = array();
-                                               } else {
-                                                       $stk = array(SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ);
-                                                       $obj = new stdClass();
-                                               }
-                                       }
-
-                                       array_push($stk, array( 'what'  => SERVICES_JSON_SLICE,
-                                                               'where' => 0,
-                                                               'delim' => false));
-
-                                       $chrs = substr($str, 1, -1);
-                                       $chrs = $this->reduce_string($chrs);
-
-                                       if ($chrs == '') {
-                                               if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
-                                                       return $arr;
-
-                                               } else {
-                                                       return $obj;
-
-                                               }
-                                       }
-
-                                       //print("\nparsing {$chrs}\n");
-
-                                       $strlen_chrs = strlen($chrs);
-
-                                       for ($c = 0; $c <= $strlen_chrs; ++$c) {
-
-                                               $top = end($stk);
-                                               $substr_chrs_c_2 = substr($chrs, $c, 2);
-
-                                               if (($c == $strlen_chrs) || (($chrs{$c} == ',') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_SLICE))) {
-                                                       // found a comma that is not inside a string, array, etc.,
-                                                       // OR we've reached the end of the character list
-                                                       $slice = substr($chrs, $top['where'], ($c - $top['where']));
-                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, 'where' => ($c + 1), 'delim' => false));
-                                                       //print("Found split at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                                                       if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
-                                                               // we are in an array, so just push an element onto the stack
-                                                               array_push($arr, $this->decode($slice));
-
-                                                       } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
-                                                               // we are in an object, so figure
-                                                               // out the property name and set an
-                                                               // element in an associative array,
-                                                               // for now
-                                                               $parts = array();
-
-                                                               if (preg_match('/^\s*(["\'].*[^\\\]["\'])\s*:\s*(\S.*),?$/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
-                                                                       // "name":value pair
-                                                                       $key = $this->decode($parts[1]);
-                                                                       $val = $this->decode($parts[2]);
-
-                                                                       if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
-                                                                               $obj[$key] = $val;
-                                                                       } else {
-                                                                               $obj->$key = $val;
-                                                                       }
-                                                               } elseif (preg_match('/^\s*(\w+)\s*:\s*(\S.*),?$/Uis', $slice, $parts)) {
-                                                                       // name:value pair, where name is unquoted
-                                                                       $key = $parts[1];
-                                                                       $val = $this->decode($parts[2]);
-
-                                                                       if ($this->use & SERVICES_JSON_LOOSE_TYPE) {
-                                                                               $obj[$key] = $val;
-                                                                       } else {
-                                                                               $obj->$key = $val;
-                                                                       }
-                                                               }
-
-                                                       }
-
-                                               } elseif ((($chrs{$c} == '"') || ($chrs{$c} == "'")) && ($top['what'] != SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR)) {
-                                                       // found a quote, and we are not inside a string
-                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => $chrs{$c}));
-                                                       //print("Found start of string at {$c}\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == $top['delim']) &&
-                                                                ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_STR) &&
-                                                                (($chrs{$c - 1} != '\\') ||
-                                                                ($chrs{$c - 1} == '\\' && $chrs{$c - 2} == '\\'))) {
-                                                       // found a quote, we're in a string, and it's not escaped
-                                                       array_pop($stk);
-                                                       //print("Found end of string at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + 1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '[') &&
-                                                                in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
-                                                       // found a left-bracket, and we are in an array, object, or slice
-                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
-                                                       //print("Found start of array at {$c}\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == ']') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR)) {
-                                                       // found a right-bracket, and we're in an array
-                                                       array_pop($stk);
-                                                       //print("Found end of array at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '{') &&
-                                                                in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
-                                                       // found a left-brace, and we are in an array, object, or slice
-                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
-                                                       //print("Found start of object at {$c}\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($chrs{$c} == '}') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ)) {
-                                                       // found a right-brace, and we're in an object
-                                                       array_pop($stk);
-                                                       //print("Found end of object at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '/*') &&
-                                                                in_array($top['what'], array(SERVICES_JSON_SLICE, SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR, SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ))) {
-                                                       // found a comment start, and we are in an array, object, or slice
-                                                       array_push($stk, array('what' => SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT, 'where' => $c, 'delim' => false));
-                                                       $c++;
-                                                       //print("Found start of comment at {$c}\n");
-
-                                               } elseif (($substr_chrs_c_2 == '*/') && ($top['what'] == SERVICES_JSON_IN_CMT)) {
-                                                       // found a comment end, and we're in one now
-                                                       array_pop($stk);
-                                                       $c++;
-
-                                                       for ($i = $top['where']; $i <= $c; ++$i)
-                                                               $chrs = substr_replace($chrs, ' ', $i, 1);
-
-                                                       //print("Found end of comment at {$c}: ".substr($chrs, $top['where'], (1 + $c - $top['where']))."\n");
-
-                                               }
-
-                                       }
-
-                                       if (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_ARR) {
-                                               return $arr;
-
-                                       } elseif (reset($stk) == SERVICES_JSON_IN_OBJ) {
-                                               return $obj;
-
-                                       }
-
-                               }
-               }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * @todo Ultimately, this should just call PEAR::isError()
-        */
-       function isError($data, $code = null)
-       {
-               if ( self::pearInstalled() ) {
-                       //avoid some strict warnings on PEAR isError check (looks like http://pear.php.net/bugs/bug.php?id=9950 has been around for some time)
-                       return @PEAR::isError($data, $code);
-               } elseif (is_object($data) && (get_class($data) == 'services_json_error' ||
-                               is_subclass_of($data, 'services_json_error'))) {
-                       return true;
-               }
-
-               return false;
-       }
-}
-
-
-// Hide the PEAR_Error variant from Doxygen
-/// @cond
-if (class_exists('PEAR_Error')) {
-
-       /**
-        * @ingroup API
-        */
-       class Services_JSON_Error extends PEAR_Error
-       {
-               function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
-                                               $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
-               {
-                       parent::PEAR_Error($message, $code, $mode, $options, $userinfo);
-               }
-       }
-
-} else {
-/// @endcond
-
-       /**
-        * @todo Ultimately, this class shall be descended from PEAR_Error
-        * @ingroup API
-        */
-       class Services_JSON_Error
-       {
-               function Services_JSON_Error($message = 'unknown error', $code = null,
-                                               $mode = null, $options = null, $userinfo = null)
-               {
-                       $this->message = $message;
-               }
-               
-               function __toString()
-               {
-                       return $this->message;
-               }
-       }
-}