+ $sanitized_user_login = sanitize_user( $userdata['user_login'], true );
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a username after it has been sanitized.
+ *
+ * This filter is called before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $sanitized_user_login Username after it has been sanitized.
+ */
+ $pre_user_login = apply_filters( 'pre_user_login', $sanitized_user_login );
+
+ //Remove any non-printable chars from the login string to see if we have ended up with an empty username
+ $user_login = trim( $pre_user_login );
+
+ // user_login must be between 0 and 60 characters.
+ if ( empty( $user_login ) ) {
+ return new WP_Error('empty_user_login', __('Cannot create a user with an empty login name.') );
+ } elseif ( mb_strlen( $user_login ) > 60 ) {
+ return new WP_Error( 'user_login_too_long', __( 'Username may not be longer than 60 characters.' ) );
+ }
+
+ if ( ! $update && username_exists( $user_login ) ) {
+ return new WP_Error( 'existing_user_login', __( 'Sorry, that username already exists!' ) );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Filter the list of blacklisted usernames.
+ *
+ * @since 4.4.0
+ *
+ * @param array $usernames Array of blacklisted usernames.
+ */
+ $illegal_logins = (array) apply_filters( 'illegal_user_logins', array() );
+
+ if ( in_array( strtolower( $user_login ), array_map( 'strtolower', $illegal_logins ) ) ) {
+ return new WP_Error( 'invalid_username', __( 'Sorry, that username is not allowed.' ) );
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If a nicename is provided, remove unsafe user characters before using it.
+ * Otherwise build a nicename from the user_login.
+ */
+ if ( ! empty( $userdata['user_nicename'] ) ) {
+ $user_nicename = sanitize_user( $userdata['user_nicename'], true );
+ if ( mb_strlen( $user_nicename ) > 50 ) {
+ return new WP_Error( 'user_nicename_too_long', __( 'Nicename may not be longer than 50 characters.' ) );
+ }
+ } else {
+ $user_nicename = mb_substr( $user_login, 0, 50 );
+ }
+
+ $user_nicename = sanitize_title( $user_nicename );
+
+ // Store values to save in user meta.
+ $meta = array();
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's nicename before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $user_nicename The user's nicename.
+ */
+ $user_nicename = apply_filters( 'pre_user_nicename', $user_nicename );
+
+ $raw_user_url = empty( $userdata['user_url'] ) ? '' : $userdata['user_url'];
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's URL before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $raw_user_url The user's URL.
+ */
+ $user_url = apply_filters( 'pre_user_url', $raw_user_url );
+
+ $raw_user_email = empty( $userdata['user_email'] ) ? '' : $userdata['user_email'];
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's email before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $raw_user_email The user's email.
+ */
+ $user_email = apply_filters( 'pre_user_email', $raw_user_email );
+
+ /*
+ * If there is no update, just check for `email_exists`. If there is an update,
+ * check if current email and new email are the same, or not, and check `email_exists`
+ * accordingly.
+ */
+ if ( ( ! $update || ( ! empty( $old_user_data ) && 0 !== strcasecmp( $user_email, $old_user_data->user_email ) ) )
+ && ! defined( 'WP_IMPORTING' )
+ && email_exists( $user_email )
+ ) {
+ return new WP_Error( 'existing_user_email', __( 'Sorry, that email address is already used!' ) );
+ }
+ $nickname = empty( $userdata['nickname'] ) ? $user_login : $userdata['nickname'];
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's nickname before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $nickname The user's nickname.
+ */
+ $meta['nickname'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_nickname', $nickname );
+
+ $first_name = empty( $userdata['first_name'] ) ? '' : $userdata['first_name'];
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's first name before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $first_name The user's first name.
+ */
+ $meta['first_name'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_first_name', $first_name );
+
+ $last_name = empty( $userdata['last_name'] ) ? '' : $userdata['last_name'];
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's last name before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $last_name The user's last name.
+ */
+ $meta['last_name'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_last_name', $last_name );
+
+ if ( empty( $userdata['display_name'] ) ) {
+ if ( $update ) {
+ $display_name = $user_login;
+ } elseif ( $meta['first_name'] && $meta['last_name'] ) {
+ /* translators: 1: first name, 2: last name */
+ $display_name = sprintf( _x( '%1$s %2$s', 'Display name based on first name and last name' ), $meta['first_name'], $meta['last_name'] );
+ } elseif ( $meta['first_name'] ) {
+ $display_name = $meta['first_name'];
+ } elseif ( $meta['last_name'] ) {
+ $display_name = $meta['last_name'];
+ } else {
+ $display_name = $user_login;
+ }
+ } else {
+ $display_name = $userdata['display_name'];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's display name before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $display_name The user's display name.
+ */
+ $display_name = apply_filters( 'pre_user_display_name', $display_name );
+
+ $description = empty( $userdata['description'] ) ? '' : $userdata['description'];
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's description before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.3
+ *
+ * @param string $description The user's description.
+ */
+ $meta['description'] = apply_filters( 'pre_user_description', $description );
+
+ $meta['rich_editing'] = empty( $userdata['rich_editing'] ) ? 'true' : $userdata['rich_editing'];
+
+ $meta['comment_shortcuts'] = empty( $userdata['comment_shortcuts'] ) || 'false' === $userdata['comment_shortcuts'] ? 'false' : 'true';
+
+ $admin_color = empty( $userdata['admin_color'] ) ? 'fresh' : $userdata['admin_color'];
+ $meta['admin_color'] = preg_replace( '|[^a-z0-9 _.\-@]|i', '', $admin_color );
+
+ $meta['use_ssl'] = empty( $userdata['use_ssl'] ) ? 0 : $userdata['use_ssl'];
+
+ $user_registered = empty( $userdata['user_registered'] ) ? gmdate( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' ) : $userdata['user_registered'];
+
+ $meta['show_admin_bar_front'] = empty( $userdata['show_admin_bar_front'] ) ? 'true' : $userdata['show_admin_bar_front'];
+
+ $user_nicename_check = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare("SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->users WHERE user_nicename = %s AND user_login != %s LIMIT 1" , $user_nicename, $user_login));
+
+ if ( $user_nicename_check ) {
+ $suffix = 2;
+ while ($user_nicename_check) {
+ // user_nicename allows 50 chars. Subtract one for a hyphen, plus the length of the suffix.
+ $base_length = 49 - mb_strlen( $suffix );
+ $alt_user_nicename = mb_substr( $user_nicename, 0, $base_length ) . "-$suffix";
+ $user_nicename_check = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare("SELECT ID FROM $wpdb->users WHERE user_nicename = %s AND user_login != %s LIMIT 1" , $alt_user_nicename, $user_login));
+ $suffix++;
+ }
+ $user_nicename = $alt_user_nicename;
+ }
+
+ $compacted = compact( 'user_pass', 'user_email', 'user_url', 'user_nicename', 'display_name', 'user_registered' );
+ $data = wp_unslash( $compacted );
+
+ if ( $update ) {
+ if ( $user_email !== $old_user_data->user_email ) {
+ $data['user_activation_key'] = '';
+ }
+ $wpdb->update( $wpdb->users, $data, compact( 'ID' ) );
+ $user_id = (int) $ID;
+ } else {
+ $wpdb->insert( $wpdb->users, $data + compact( 'user_login' ) );
+ $user_id = (int) $wpdb->insert_id;
+ }
+
+ $user = new WP_User( $user_id );
+
+ /**
+ * Filter a user's meta values and keys before the user is created or updated.
+ *
+ * Does not include contact methods. These are added using `wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user )`.
+ *
+ * @since 4.4.0
+ *
+ * @param array $meta {
+ * Default meta values and keys for the user.
+ *
+ * @type string $nickname The user's nickname. Default is the the user's username.
+ * @type string $first_name The user's first name.
+ * @type string $last_name The user's last name.
+ * @type string $description The user's description.
+ * @type bool $rich_editing Whether to enable the rich-editor for the user. False if not empty.
+ * @type bool $comment_shortcuts Whether to enable keyboard shortcuts for the user. Default false.
+ * @type string $admin_color The color scheme for a user's admin screen. Default 'fresh'.
+ * @type int|bool $use_ssl Whether to force SSL on the user's admin area. 0|false if SSL is
+ * not forced.
+ * @type bool $show_admin_bar_front Whether to show the admin bar on the front end for the user.
+ * Default true.
+ * }
+ * @param WP_User $user User object.
+ * @param bool $update Whether the user is being updated rather than created.
+ */
+ $meta = apply_filters( 'insert_user_meta', $meta, $user, $update );
+
+ // Update user meta.
+ foreach ( $meta as $key => $value ) {
+ update_user_meta( $user_id, $key, $value );
+ }
+
+ foreach ( wp_get_user_contact_methods( $user ) as $key => $value ) {
+ if ( isset( $userdata[ $key ] ) ) {
+ update_user_meta( $user_id, $key, $userdata[ $key ] );
+ }
+ }
+
+ if ( isset( $userdata['role'] ) ) {
+ $user->set_role( $userdata['role'] );
+ } elseif ( ! $update ) {
+ $user->set_role(get_option('default_role'));
+ }
+ wp_cache_delete( $user_id, 'users' );
+ wp_cache_delete( $user_login, 'userlogins' );
+
+ if ( $update ) {
+ /**
+ * Fires immediately after an existing user is updated.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ *
+ * @param int $user_id User ID.
+ * @param object $old_user_data Object containing user's data prior to update.
+ */
+ do_action( 'profile_update', $user_id, $old_user_data );
+ } else {
+ /**
+ * Fires immediately after a new user is registered.
+ *
+ * @since 1.5.0
+ *
+ * @param int $user_id User ID.
+ */
+ do_action( 'user_register', $user_id );
+ }
+
+ return $user_id;