]> scripts.mit.edu Git - autoinstalls/wordpress.git/blobdiff - wp-includes/capabilities.php
WordPress 4.6.2
[autoinstalls/wordpress.git] / wp-includes / capabilities.php
index 2840a1e2f900fde43f1cfd3c96523030906db974..eac359630bf2aa6108bd5233d4ce5a305c7d3b11 100644 (file)
 <?php
 /**
- * WordPress Roles and Capabilities.
+ * Core User Role & Capabilities API
  *
  * @package WordPress
- * @subpackage User
+ * @subpackage Users
  */
 
-/**
- * WordPress User Roles.
- *
- * The role option is simple, the structure is organized by role name that store
- * the name in value of the 'name' key. The capabilities are stored as an array
- * in the value of the 'capability' key.
- *
- * <code>
- * array (
- *             'rolename' => array (
- *                     'name' => 'rolename',
- *                     'capabilities' => array()
- *             )
- * )
- * </code>
- *
- * @since 2.0.0
- * @package WordPress
- * @subpackage User
- */
-class WP_Roles {
-       /**
-        * List of roles and capabilities.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $roles;
-
-       /**
-        * List of the role objects.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $role_objects = array();
-
-       /**
-        * List of role names.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $role_names = array();
-
-       /**
-        * Option name for storing role list.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var string
-        */
-       var $role_key;
-
-       /**
-        * Whether to use the database for retrieval and storage.
-        *
-        * @since 2.1.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var bool
-        */
-       var $use_db = true;
-
-       /**
-        * Constructor
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        */
-       function __construct() {
-               $this->_init();
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Set up the object properties.
-        *
-        * The role key is set to the current prefix for the $wpdb object with
-        * 'user_roles' appended. If the $wp_user_roles global is set, then it will
-        * be used and the role option will not be updated or used.
-        *
-        * @since 2.1.0
-        * @access protected
-        * @uses $wpdb Used to get the database prefix.
-        * @global array $wp_user_roles Used to set the 'roles' property value.
-        */
-       function _init () {
-               global $wpdb, $wp_user_roles;
-               $this->role_key = $wpdb->prefix . 'user_roles';
-               if ( ! empty( $wp_user_roles ) ) {
-                       $this->roles = $wp_user_roles;
-                       $this->use_db = false;
-               } else {
-                       $this->roles = get_option( $this->role_key );
-               }
-
-               if ( empty( $this->roles ) )
-                       return;
-
-               $this->role_objects = array();
-               $this->role_names =  array();
-               foreach ( (array) $this->roles as $role => $data ) {
-                       $this->role_objects[$role] = new WP_Role( $role, $this->roles[$role]['capabilities'] );
-                       $this->role_names[$role] = $this->roles[$role]['name'];
-               }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Add role name with capabilities to list.
-        *
-        * Updates the list of roles, if the role doesn't already exist.
-        *
-        * The capabilities are defined in the following format `array( 'read' => true );`
-        * To explicitly deny a role a capability you set the value for that capability to false.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        * @param string $display_name Role display name.
-        * @param array $capabilities List of role capabilities in the above format.
-        * @return null|WP_Role WP_Role object if role is added, null if already exists.
-        */
-       function add_role( $role, $display_name, $capabilities = array() ) {
-               if ( isset( $this->roles[$role] ) )
-                       return;
-
-               $this->roles[$role] = array(
-                       'name' => $display_name,
-                       'capabilities' => $capabilities
-                       );
-               if ( $this->use_db )
-                       update_option( $this->role_key, $this->roles );
-               $this->role_objects[$role] = new WP_Role( $role, $capabilities );
-               $this->role_names[$role] = $display_name;
-               return $this->role_objects[$role];
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Remove role by name.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        */
-       function remove_role( $role ) {
-               if ( ! isset( $this->role_objects[$role] ) )
-                       return;
-
-               unset( $this->role_objects[$role] );
-               unset( $this->role_names[$role] );
-               unset( $this->roles[$role] );
-
-               if ( $this->use_db )
-                       update_option( $this->role_key, $this->roles );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Add capability to role.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        * @param bool $grant Optional, default is true. Whether role is capable of performing capability.
-        */
-       function add_cap( $role, $cap, $grant = true ) {
-               $this->roles[$role]['capabilities'][$cap] = $grant;
-               if ( $this->use_db )
-                       update_option( $this->role_key, $this->roles );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Remove capability from role.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        */
-       function remove_cap( $role, $cap ) {
-               unset( $this->roles[$role]['capabilities'][$cap] );
-               if ( $this->use_db )
-                       update_option( $this->role_key, $this->roles );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Retrieve role object by name.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        * @return object|null Null, if role does not exist. WP_Role object, if found.
-        */
-       function get_role( $role ) {
-               if ( isset( $this->role_objects[$role] ) )
-                       return $this->role_objects[$role];
-               else
-                       return null;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Retrieve list of role names.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @return array List of role names.
-        */
-       function get_names() {
-               return $this->role_names;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Whether role name is currently in the list of available roles.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name to look up.
-        * @return bool
-        */
-       function is_role( $role )
-       {
-               return isset( $this->role_names[$role] );
-       }
-}
-
-/**
- * WordPress Role class.
- *
- * @since 2.0.0
- * @package WordPress
- * @subpackage User
- */
-class WP_Role {
-       /**
-        * Role name.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var string
-        */
-       var $name;
-
-       /**
-        * List of capabilities the role contains.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $capabilities;
-
-       /**
-        * Constructor - Set up object properties.
-        *
-        * The list of capabilities, must have the key as the name of the capability
-        * and the value a boolean of whether it is granted to the role.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        * @param array $capabilities List of capabilities.
-        */
-       function __construct( $role, $capabilities ) {
-               $this->name = $role;
-               $this->capabilities = $capabilities;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Assign role a capability.
-        *
-        * @see WP_Roles::add_cap() Method uses implementation for role.
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        * @param bool $grant Whether role has capability privilege.
-        */
-       function add_cap( $cap, $grant = true ) {
-               global $wp_roles;
-
-               if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) )
-                       $wp_roles = new WP_Roles();
-
-               $this->capabilities[$cap] = $grant;
-               $wp_roles->add_cap( $this->name, $cap, $grant );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Remove capability from role.
-        *
-        * This is a container for {@link WP_Roles::remove_cap()} to remove the
-        * capability from the role. That is to say, that {@link
-        * WP_Roles::remove_cap()} implements the functionality, but it also makes
-        * sense to use this class, because you don't need to enter the role name.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        */
-       function remove_cap( $cap ) {
-               global $wp_roles;
-
-               if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) )
-                       $wp_roles = new WP_Roles();
-
-               unset( $this->capabilities[$cap] );
-               $wp_roles->remove_cap( $this->name, $cap );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Whether role has capability.
-        *
-        * The capabilities is passed through the 'role_has_cap' filter. The first
-        * parameter for the hook is the list of capabilities the class has
-        * assigned. The second parameter is the capability name to look for. The
-        * third and final parameter for the hook is the role name.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        * @return bool True, if user has capability. False, if doesn't have capability.
-        */
-       function has_cap( $cap ) {
-               $capabilities = apply_filters( 'role_has_cap', $this->capabilities, $cap, $this->name );
-               if ( !empty( $capabilities[$cap] ) )
-                       return $capabilities[$cap];
-               else
-                       return false;
-       }
-
-}
-
-/**
- * WordPress User class.
- *
- * @since 2.0.0
- * @package WordPress
- * @subpackage User
- */
-class WP_User {
-       /**
-        * User data container.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access private
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $data;
-
-       /**
-        * The user's ID.
-        *
-        * @since 2.1.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var int
-        */
-       var $ID = 0;
-
-       /**
-        * The individual capabilities the user has been given.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $caps = array();
-
-       /**
-        * User metadata option name.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var string
-        */
-       var $cap_key;
-
-       /**
-        * The roles the user is part of.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $roles = array();
-
-       /**
-        * All capabilities the user has, including individual and role based.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        * @var array
-        */
-       var $allcaps = array();
-
-       /**
-        * The filter context applied to user data fields.
-        *
-        * @since 2.9.0
-        * @access private
-        * @var string
-        */
-       var $filter = null;
-
-       private static $back_compat_keys;
-
-       /**
-        * Constructor
-        *
-        * Retrieves the userdata and passes it to {@link WP_User::init()}.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param int|string $id User's ID
-        * @param string $name Optional. User's username
-        * @param int $blog_id Optional Blog ID, defaults to current blog.
-        * @return WP_User
-        */
-       function __construct( $id = 0, $name = '', $blog_id = '' ) {
-               if ( ! isset( self::$back_compat_keys ) ) {
-                       $prefix = $GLOBALS['wpdb']->prefix;
-                       self::$back_compat_keys = array(
-                               'user_firstname' => 'first_name',
-                               'user_lastname' => 'last_name',
-                               'user_description' => 'description',
-                               'user_level' => $prefix . 'user_level',
-                               $prefix . 'usersettings' => $prefix . 'user-settings',
-                               $prefix . 'usersettingstime' => $prefix . 'user-settings-time',
-                       );
-               }
-
-               if ( ! empty( $id ) && ! is_numeric( $id ) ) {
-                       $name = $id;
-                       $id = 0;
-               }
-
-               if ( $id )
-                       $data = self::get_data_by( 'id', $id );
-               else
-                       $data = self::get_data_by( 'login', $name );
-
-               if ( $data )
-                       $this->init( $data, $blog_id );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Sets up object properties, including capabilities.
-        *
-        * @param object $data User DB row object
-        * @param int $blog_id Optional. The blog id to initialize for
-        */
-       function init( $data, $blog_id = '' ) {
-               $this->data = $data;
-               $this->ID = (int) $data->ID;
-
-               $this->for_blog( $blog_id );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Return only the main user fields
-        *
-        * @since 3.3.0
-        *
-        * @param string $field The field to query against: 'id', 'slug', 'email' or 'login'
-        * @param string|int $value The field value
-        * @return object Raw user object
-        */
-       static function get_data_by( $field, $value ) {
-               global $wpdb;
-
-               if ( 'id' == $field ) {
-                       // Make sure the value is numeric to avoid casting objects, for example,
-                       // to int 1.
-                       if ( ! is_numeric( $value ) )
-                               return false;
-                       $value = absint( $value );
-               } else {
-                       $value = trim( $value );
-               }
-
-               if ( !$value )
-                       return false;
-
-               switch ( $field ) {
-                       case 'id':
-                               $user_id = $value;
-                               $db_field = 'ID';
-                               break;
-                       case 'slug':
-                               $user_id = wp_cache_get($value, 'userslugs');
-                               $db_field = 'user_nicename';
-                               break;
-                       case 'email':
-                               $user_id = wp_cache_get($value, 'useremail');
-                               $db_field = 'user_email';
-                               break;
-                       case 'login':
-                               $value = sanitize_user( $value );
-                               $user_id = wp_cache_get($value, 'userlogins');
-                               $db_field = 'user_login';
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               return false;
-               }
-
-               if ( false !== $user_id ) {
-                       if ( $user = wp_cache_get( $user_id, 'users' ) )
-                               return $user;
-               }
-
-               if ( !$user = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare(
-                       "SELECT * FROM $wpdb->users WHERE $db_field = %s", $value
-               ) ) )
-                       return false;
-
-               update_user_caches( $user );
-
-               return $user;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Magic method for checking the existence of a certain custom field
-        *
-        * @since 3.3.0
-        */
-       function __isset( $key ) {
-               if ( 'id' == $key ) {
-                       _deprecated_argument( 'WP_User->id', '2.1', __( 'Use <code>WP_User->ID</code> instead.' ) );
-                       $key = 'ID';
-               }
-
-               if ( isset( $this->data->$key ) )
-                       return true;
-
-               if ( isset( self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ] ) )
-                       $key = self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ];
-
-               return metadata_exists( 'user', $this->ID, $key );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Magic method for accessing custom fields
-        *
-        * @since 3.3.0
-        */
-       function __get( $key ) {
-               if ( 'id' == $key ) {
-                       _deprecated_argument( 'WP_User->id', '2.1', __( 'Use <code>WP_User->ID</code> instead.' ) );
-                       return $this->ID;
-               }
-
-               if ( isset( $this->data->$key ) ) {
-                       $value = $this->data->$key;
-               } else {
-                       if ( isset( self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ] ) )
-                               $key = self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ];
-                       $value = get_user_meta( $this->ID, $key, true );
-               }
-
-               if ( $this->filter ) {
-                       $value = sanitize_user_field( $key, $value, $this->ID, $this->filter );
-               }
-
-               return $value;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Magic method for setting custom fields
-        *
-        * @since 3.3.0
-        */
-       function __set( $key, $value ) {
-               if ( 'id' == $key ) {
-                       _deprecated_argument( 'WP_User->id', '2.1', __( 'Use <code>WP_User->ID</code> instead.' ) );
-                       $this->ID = $value;
-                       return;
-               }
-
-               $this->data->$key = $value;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Determine whether the user exists in the database.
-        *
-        * @since 3.4.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @return bool True if user exists in the database, false if not.
-        */
-       function exists() {
-               return ! empty( $this->ID );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Retrieve the value of a property or meta key.
-        *
-        * Retrieves from the users and usermeta table.
-        *
-        * @since 3.3.0
-        *
-        * @param string $key Property
-        */
-       function get( $key ) {
-               return $this->__get( $key );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Determine whether a property or meta key is set
-        *
-        * Consults the users and usermeta tables.
-        *
-        * @since 3.3.0
-        *
-        * @param string $key Property
-        */
-       function has_prop( $key ) {
-               return $this->__isset( $key );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Set up capability object properties.
-        *
-        * Will set the value for the 'cap_key' property to current database table
-        * prefix, followed by 'capabilities'. Will then check to see if the
-        * property matching the 'cap_key' exists and is an array. If so, it will be
-        * used.
-        *
-        * @access protected
-        * @since 2.1.0
-        *
-        * @param string $cap_key Optional capability key
-        */
-       function _init_caps( $cap_key = '' ) {
-               global $wpdb;
-
-               if ( empty($cap_key) )
-                       $this->cap_key = $wpdb->prefix . 'capabilities';
-               else
-                       $this->cap_key = $cap_key;
-
-               $this->caps = get_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, true );
-
-               if ( ! is_array( $this->caps ) )
-                       $this->caps = array();
-
-               $this->get_role_caps();
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Retrieve all of the role capabilities and merge with individual capabilities.
-        *
-        * All of the capabilities of the roles the user belongs to are merged with
-        * the users individual roles. This also means that the user can be denied
-        * specific roles that their role might have, but the specific user isn't
-        * granted permission to.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @uses $wp_roles
-        * @access public
-        */
-       function get_role_caps() {
-               global $wp_roles;
-
-               if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) )
-                       $wp_roles = new WP_Roles();
-
-               //Filter out caps that are not role names and assign to $this->roles
-               if ( is_array( $this->caps ) )
-                       $this->roles = array_filter( array_keys( $this->caps ), array( &$wp_roles, 'is_role' ) );
-
-               //Build $allcaps from role caps, overlay user's $caps
-               $this->allcaps = array();
-               foreach ( (array) $this->roles as $role ) {
-                       $the_role = $wp_roles->get_role( $role );
-                       $this->allcaps = array_merge( (array) $this->allcaps, (array) $the_role->capabilities );
-               }
-               $this->allcaps = array_merge( (array) $this->allcaps, (array) $this->caps );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Add role to user.
-        *
-        * Updates the user's meta data option with capabilities and roles.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        */
-       function add_role( $role ) {
-               $this->caps[$role] = true;
-               update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
-               $this->get_role_caps();
-               $this->update_user_level_from_caps();
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Remove role from user.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        */
-       function remove_role( $role ) {
-               if ( !in_array($role, $this->roles) )
-                       return;
-               unset( $this->caps[$role] );
-               update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
-               $this->get_role_caps();
-               $this->update_user_level_from_caps();
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Set the role of the user.
-        *
-        * This will remove the previous roles of the user and assign the user the
-        * new one. You can set the role to an empty string and it will remove all
-        * of the roles from the user.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $role Role name.
-        */
-       function set_role( $role ) {
-               foreach ( (array) $this->roles as $oldrole )
-                       unset( $this->caps[$oldrole] );
-
-               if ( 1 == count( $this->roles ) && $role == $this->roles[0] )
-                       return;
-
-               if ( !empty( $role ) ) {
-                       $this->caps[$role] = true;
-                       $this->roles = array( $role => true );
-               } else {
-                       $this->roles = false;
-               }
-               update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
-               $this->get_role_caps();
-               $this->update_user_level_from_caps();
-               do_action( 'set_user_role', $this->ID, $role );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Choose the maximum level the user has.
-        *
-        * Will compare the level from the $item parameter against the $max
-        * parameter. If the item is incorrect, then just the $max parameter value
-        * will be returned.
-        *
-        * Used to get the max level based on the capabilities the user has. This
-        * is also based on roles, so if the user is assigned the Administrator role
-        * then the capability 'level_10' will exist and the user will get that
-        * value.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param int $max Max level of user.
-        * @param string $item Level capability name.
-        * @return int Max Level.
-        */
-       function level_reduction( $max, $item ) {
-               if ( preg_match( '/^level_(10|[0-9])$/i', $item, $matches ) ) {
-                       $level = intval( $matches[1] );
-                       return max( $max, $level );
-               } else {
-                       return $max;
-               }
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Update the maximum user level for the user.
-        *
-        * Updates the 'user_level' user metadata (includes prefix that is the
-        * database table prefix) with the maximum user level. Gets the value from
-        * the all of the capabilities that the user has.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        */
-       function update_user_level_from_caps() {
-               global $wpdb;
-               $this->user_level = array_reduce( array_keys( $this->allcaps ), array( $this, 'level_reduction' ), 0 );
-               update_user_meta( $this->ID, $wpdb->prefix . 'user_level', $this->user_level );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Add capability and grant or deny access to capability.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        * @param bool $grant Whether to grant capability to user.
-        */
-       function add_cap( $cap, $grant = true ) {
-               $this->caps[$cap] = $grant;
-               update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Remove capability from user.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string $cap Capability name.
-        */
-       function remove_cap( $cap ) {
-               if ( empty( $this->caps[$cap] ) )
-                       return;
-               unset( $this->caps[$cap] );
-               update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Remove all of the capabilities of the user.
-        *
-        * @since 2.1.0
-        * @access public
-        */
-       function remove_all_caps() {
-               global $wpdb;
-               $this->caps = array();
-               delete_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key );
-               delete_user_meta( $this->ID, $wpdb->prefix . 'user_level' );
-               $this->get_role_caps();
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Whether user has capability or role name.
-        *
-        * This is useful for looking up whether the user has a specific role
-        * assigned to the user. The second optional parameter can also be used to
-        * check for capabilities against a specific object, such as a post or user.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param string|int $cap Capability or role name to search.
-        * @return bool True, if user has capability; false, if user does not have capability.
-        */
-       function has_cap( $cap ) {
-               if ( is_numeric( $cap ) ) {
-                       _deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '2.0', __('Usage of user levels by plugins and themes is deprecated. Use roles and capabilities instead.') );
-                       $cap = $this->translate_level_to_cap( $cap );
-               }
-
-               $args = array_slice( func_get_args(), 1 );
-               $args = array_merge( array( $cap, $this->ID ), $args );
-               $caps = call_user_func_array( 'map_meta_cap', $args );
-
-               // Multisite super admin has all caps by definition, Unless specifically denied.
-               if ( is_multisite() && is_super_admin( $this->ID ) ) {
-                       if ( in_array('do_not_allow', $caps) )
-                               return false;
-                       return true;
-               }
-
-               // Must have ALL requested caps
-               $capabilities = apply_filters( 'user_has_cap', $this->allcaps, $caps, $args );
-               $capabilities['exist'] = true; // Everyone is allowed to exist
-               foreach ( (array) $caps as $cap ) {
-                       if ( empty( $capabilities[ $cap ] ) )
-                               return false;
-               }
-
-               return true;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Convert numeric level to level capability name.
-        *
-        * Prepends 'level_' to level number.
-        *
-        * @since 2.0.0
-        * @access public
-        *
-        * @param int $level Level number, 1 to 10.
-        * @return string
-        */
-       function translate_level_to_cap( $level ) {
-               return 'level_' . $level;
-       }
-
-       /**
-        * Set the blog to operate on. Defaults to the current blog.
-        *
-        * @since 3.0.0
-        *
-        * @param int $blog_id Optional Blog ID, defaults to current blog.
-        */
-       function for_blog( $blog_id = '' ) {
-               global $wpdb;
-               if ( ! empty( $blog_id ) )
-                       $cap_key = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $blog_id ) . 'capabilities';
-               else
-                       $cap_key = '';
-               $this->_init_caps( $cap_key );
-       }
-}
-
 /**
  * Map meta capabilities to primitive capabilities.
  *
@@ -931,8 +16,14 @@ class WP_User {
  *
  * @since 2.0.0
  *
- * @param string $cap Capability name.
- * @param int $user_id User ID.
+ * @global array $post_type_meta_caps Used to get post type meta capabilities.
+ *
+ * @param string $cap       Capability name.
+ * @param int    $user_id   User ID.
+ * @param int    $object_id Optional. ID of the specific object to check against if `$cap` is a "meta" cap.
+ *                          "Meta" capabilities, e.g. 'edit_post', 'edit_user', etc., are capabilities used
+ *                          by map_meta_cap() to map to other "primitive" capabilities, e.g. 'edit_posts',
+ *                          'edit_others_posts', etc. The parameter is accessed via func_get_args().
  * @return array Actual capabilities for meta capability.
  */
 function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
@@ -944,30 +35,45 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                $caps[] = 'remove_users';
                break;
        case 'promote_user':
+       case 'add_users':
                $caps[] = 'promote_users';
                break;
        case 'edit_user':
+       case 'edit_users':
                // Allow user to edit itself
-               if ( isset( $args[0] ) && $user_id == $args[0] )
+               if ( 'edit_user' == $cap && isset( $args[0] ) && $user_id == $args[0] )
                        break;
-               // Fall through
-       case 'edit_users':
-               // If multisite these caps are allowed only for super admins.
-               if ( is_multisite() && !is_super_admin( $user_id ) )
+
+               // In multisite the user must have manage_network_users caps. If editing a super admin, the user must be a super admin.
+               if ( is_multisite() && ( ( ! is_super_admin( $user_id ) && 'edit_user' === $cap && is_super_admin( $args[0] ) ) || ! user_can( $user_id, 'manage_network_users' ) ) ) {
                        $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-               else
-                       $caps[] = 'edit_users'; // Explicit due to primitive fall through
+               } else {
+                       $caps[] = 'edit_users'; // edit_user maps to edit_users.
+               }
                break;
        case 'delete_post':
        case 'delete_page':
-               $author_data = get_userdata( $user_id );
                $post = get_post( $args[0] );
+               if ( ! $post ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                       break;
+               }
 
                if ( 'revision' == $post->post_type ) {
                        $post = get_post( $post->post_parent );
+                       if ( ! $post ) {
+                               $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
 
                $post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
+               if ( ! $post_type ) {
+                       /* translators: 1: post type, 2: capability name */
+                       _doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+                       $caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
+                       break;
+               }
 
                if ( ! $post_type->map_meta_cap ) {
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->$cap;
@@ -977,21 +83,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                        break;
                }
 
-               if ( '' != $post->post_author ) {
-                       $post_author_data = get_userdata( $post->post_author );
-               } else {
-                       // No author set yet, so default to current user for cap checks.
-                       $post_author_data = $author_data;
-               }
-
-               // If the user is the author...
-               if ( is_object( $post_author_data ) && $user_id == $post_author_data->ID ) {
-                       // If the post is published...
-                       if ( 'publish' == $post->post_status ) {
+               // If the post author is set and the user is the author...
+               if ( $post->post_author && $user_id == $post->post_author ) {
+                       // If the post is published or scheduled...
+                       if ( in_array( $post->post_status, array( 'publish', 'future' ), true ) ) {
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_published_posts;
                        } elseif ( 'trash' == $post->post_status ) {
-                               if ('publish' == get_post_meta($post->ID, '_wp_trash_meta_status', true) )
+                               $status = get_post_meta( $post->ID, '_wp_trash_meta_status', true );
+                               if ( in_array( $status, array( 'publish', 'future' ), true ) ) {
                                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_published_posts;
+                               } else {
+                                       $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_posts;
+                               }
                        } else {
                                // If the post is draft...
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_posts;
@@ -999,25 +102,39 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                } else {
                        // The user is trying to edit someone else's post.
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_others_posts;
-                       // The post is published, extra cap required.
-                       if ( 'publish' == $post->post_status )
+                       // The post is published or scheduled, extra cap required.
+                       if ( in_array( $post->post_status, array( 'publish', 'future' ), true ) ) {
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_published_posts;
-                       elseif ( 'private' == $post->post_status )
+                       } elseif ( 'private' == $post->post_status ) {
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->delete_private_posts;
+                       }
                }
                break;
                // edit_post breaks down to edit_posts, edit_published_posts, or
                // edit_others_posts
        case 'edit_post':
        case 'edit_page':
-               $author_data = get_userdata( $user_id );
                $post = get_post( $args[0] );
+               if ( ! $post ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                       break;
+               }
 
                if ( 'revision' == $post->post_type ) {
                        $post = get_post( $post->post_parent );
+                       if ( ! $post ) {
+                               $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
 
                $post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
+               if ( ! $post_type ) {
+                       /* translators: 1: post type, 2: capability name */
+                       _doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+                       $caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
+                       break;
+               }
 
                if ( ! $post_type->map_meta_cap ) {
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->$cap;
@@ -1027,22 +144,18 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                        break;
                }
 
-               if ( '' != $post->post_author ) {
-                       $post_author_data = get_userdata( $post->post_author );
-               } else {
-                       // No author set yet, so default to current user for cap checks.
-                       $post_author_data = $author_data;
-               }
-
-               //echo "current user id : $user_id, post author id: " . $post_author_data->ID . "<br />";
-               // If the user is the author...
-               if ( is_object( $post_author_data ) && $user_id == $post_author_data->ID ) {
-                       // If the post is published...
-                       if ( 'publish' == $post->post_status ) {
+               // If the post author is set and the user is the author...
+               if ( $post->post_author && $user_id == $post->post_author ) {
+                       // If the post is published or scheduled...
+                       if ( in_array( $post->post_status, array( 'publish', 'future' ), true ) ) {
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_published_posts;
                        } elseif ( 'trash' == $post->post_status ) {
-                               if ('publish' == get_post_meta($post->ID, '_wp_trash_meta_status', true) )
+                               $status = get_post_meta( $post->ID, '_wp_trash_meta_status', true );
+                               if ( in_array( $status, array( 'publish', 'future' ), true ) ) {
                                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_published_posts;
+                               } else {
+                                       $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_posts;
+                               }
                        } else {
                                // If the post is draft...
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_posts;
@@ -1050,23 +163,37 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                } else {
                        // The user is trying to edit someone else's post.
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_others_posts;
-                       // The post is published, extra cap required.
-                       if ( 'publish' == $post->post_status )
+                       // The post is published or scheduled, extra cap required.
+                       if ( in_array( $post->post_status, array( 'publish', 'future' ), true ) ) {
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_published_posts;
-                       elseif ( 'private' == $post->post_status )
+                       } elseif ( 'private' == $post->post_status ) {
                                $caps[] = $post_type->cap->edit_private_posts;
+                       }
                }
                break;
        case 'read_post':
        case 'read_page':
-               $author_data = get_userdata( $user_id );
                $post = get_post( $args[0] );
+               if ( ! $post ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                       break;
+               }
 
                if ( 'revision' == $post->post_type ) {
                        $post = get_post( $post->post_parent );
+                       if ( ! $post ) {
+                               $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
 
                $post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
+               if ( ! $post_type ) {
+                       /* translators: 1: post type, 2: capability name */
+                       _doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+                       $caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
+                       break;
+               }
 
                if ( ! $post_type->map_meta_cap ) {
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->$cap;
@@ -1082,31 +209,81 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                        break;
                }
 
-               if ( '' != $post->post_author ) {
-                       $post_author_data = get_userdata( $post->post_author );
-               } else {
-                       // No author set yet, so default to current user for cap checks.
-                       $post_author_data = $author_data;
-               }
-
-               if ( is_object( $post_author_data ) && $user_id == $post_author_data->ID )
+               if ( $post->post_author && $user_id == $post->post_author ) {
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->read;
-               elseif ( $status_obj->private )
+               } elseif ( $status_obj->private ) {
                        $caps[] = $post_type->cap->read_private_posts;
-               else
+               } else {
                        $caps = map_meta_cap( 'edit_post', $user_id, $post->ID );
+               }
+               break;
+       case 'publish_post':
+               $post = get_post( $args[0] );
+               if ( ! $post ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               $post_type = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
+               if ( ! $post_type ) {
+                       /* translators: 1: post type, 2: capability name */
+                       _doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__, sprintf( __( 'The post type %1$s is not registered, so it may not be reliable to check the capability "%2$s" against a post of that type.' ), $post->post_type, $cap ), '4.4.0' );
+                       $caps[] = 'edit_others_posts';
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               $caps[] = $post_type->cap->publish_posts;
                break;
        case 'edit_post_meta':
        case 'delete_post_meta':
        case 'add_post_meta':
                $post = get_post( $args[0] );
-               $post_type_object = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
-               $caps = map_meta_cap( $post_type_object->cap->edit_post, $user_id, $post->ID );
+               if ( ! $post ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               $post_type = get_post_type( $post );
+
+               $caps = map_meta_cap( 'edit_post', $user_id, $post->ID );
 
                $meta_key = isset( $args[ 1 ] ) ? $args[ 1 ] : false;
 
-               if ( $meta_key && has_filter( "auth_post_meta_{$meta_key}" ) ) {
+               if ( $meta_key && ( has_filter( "auth_post_meta_{$meta_key}" ) || has_filter( "auth_post_{$post_type}_meta_{$meta_key}" ) ) ) {
+                       /**
+                        * Filters whether the user is allowed to add post meta to a post.
+                        *
+                        * The dynamic portion of the hook name, `$meta_key`, refers to the
+                        * meta key passed to map_meta_cap().
+                        *
+                        * @since 3.3.0
+                        *
+                        * @param bool   $allowed  Whether the user can add the post meta. Default false.
+                        * @param string $meta_key The meta key.
+                        * @param int    $post_id  Post ID.
+                        * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
+                        * @param string $cap      Capability name.
+                        * @param array  $caps     User capabilities.
+                        */
                        $allowed = apply_filters( "auth_post_meta_{$meta_key}", false, $meta_key, $post->ID, $user_id, $cap, $caps );
+
+                       /**
+                        * Filters whether the user is allowed to add post meta to a post of a given type.
+                        *
+                        * The dynamic portions of the hook name, `$meta_key` and `$post_type`,
+                        * refer to the meta key passed to map_meta_cap() and the post type, respectively.
+                        *
+                        * @since 4.6.0
+                        *
+                        * @param bool   $allowed  Whether the user can add the post meta. Default false.
+                        * @param string $meta_key The meta key.
+                        * @param int    $post_id  Post ID.
+                        * @param int    $user_id  User ID.
+                        * @param string $cap      Capability name.
+                        * @param array  $caps     User capabilities.
+                        */
+                       $allowed = apply_filters( "auth_post_{$post_type}_meta_{$meta_key}", $allowed, $meta_key, $post->ID, $user_id, $cap, $caps );
+
                        if ( ! $allowed )
                                $caps[] = $cap;
                } elseif ( $meta_key && is_protected_meta( $meta_key, 'post' ) ) {
@@ -1115,10 +292,22 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                break;
        case 'edit_comment':
                $comment = get_comment( $args[0] );
+               if ( ! $comment ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+                       break;
+               }
+
                $post = get_post( $comment->comment_post_ID );
-               $post_type_object = get_post_type_object( $post->post_type );
 
-               $caps = map_meta_cap( $post_type_object->cap->edit_post, $user_id, $post->ID );
+               /*
+                * If the post doesn't exist, we have an orphaned comment.
+                * Fall back to the edit_posts capability, instead.
+                */
+               if ( $post ) {
+                       $caps = map_meta_cap( 'edit_post', $user_id, $post->ID );
+               } else {
+                       $caps = map_meta_cap( 'edit_posts', $user_id );
+               }
                break;
        case 'unfiltered_upload':
                if ( defined('ALLOW_UNFILTERED_UPLOADS') && ALLOW_UNFILTERED_UPLOADS && ( !is_multisite() || is_super_admin( $user_id ) )  )
@@ -1138,47 +327,79 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
        case 'edit_files':
        case 'edit_plugins':
        case 'edit_themes':
-               if ( defined('DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT') && DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT ) {
+               // Disallow the file editors.
+               if ( defined( 'DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT' ) && DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT )
                        $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-                       break;
-               }
-               // Fall through if not DISALLOW_FILE_EDIT.
+               elseif ( defined( 'DISALLOW_FILE_MODS' ) && DISALLOW_FILE_MODS )
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+               elseif ( is_multisite() && ! is_super_admin( $user_id ) )
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+               else
+                       $caps[] = $cap;
+               break;
        case 'update_plugins':
        case 'delete_plugins':
        case 'install_plugins':
+       case 'upload_plugins':
        case 'update_themes':
        case 'delete_themes':
        case 'install_themes':
+       case 'upload_themes':
        case 'update_core':
-               // Disallow anything that creates, deletes, or edits core, plugin, or theme files.
+               // Disallow anything that creates, deletes, or updates core, plugin, or theme files.
                // Files in uploads are excepted.
-               if ( defined('DISALLOW_FILE_MODS') && DISALLOW_FILE_MODS ) {
+               if ( defined( 'DISALLOW_FILE_MODS' ) && DISALLOW_FILE_MODS ) {
                        $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
-                       break;
-               }
-               // Fall through if not DISALLOW_FILE_MODS.
-       case 'delete_user':
-       case 'delete_users':
-               // If multisite these caps are allowed only for super admins.
-               if ( is_multisite() && !is_super_admin( $user_id ) ) {
+               } elseif ( is_multisite() && ! is_super_admin( $user_id ) ) {
                        $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+               } elseif ( 'upload_themes' === $cap ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'install_themes';
+               } elseif ( 'upload_plugins' === $cap ) {
+                       $caps[] = 'install_plugins';
                } else {
-                       if ( 'delete_user' == $cap )
-                               $cap = 'delete_users';
                        $caps[] = $cap;
                }
                break;
+       case 'activate_plugins':
+               $caps[] = $cap;
+               if ( is_multisite() ) {
+                       // update_, install_, and delete_ are handled above with is_super_admin().
+                       $menu_perms = get_site_option( 'menu_items', array() );
+                       if ( empty( $menu_perms['plugins'] ) )
+                               $caps[] = 'manage_network_plugins';
+               }
+               break;
+       case 'delete_user':
+       case 'delete_users':
+               // If multisite only super admins can delete users.
+               if ( is_multisite() && ! is_super_admin( $user_id ) )
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+               else
+                       $caps[] = 'delete_users'; // delete_user maps to delete_users.
+               break;
        case 'create_users':
                if ( !is_multisite() )
                        $caps[] = $cap;
-               elseif ( is_super_admin() || get_site_option( 'add_new_users' ) )
+               elseif ( is_super_admin( $user_id ) || get_site_option( 'add_new_users' ) )
                        $caps[] = $cap;
                else
                        $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
                break;
+       case 'manage_links' :
+               if ( get_option( 'link_manager_enabled' ) )
+                       $caps[] = $cap;
+               else
+                       $caps[] = 'do_not_allow';
+               break;
+       case 'customize' :
+               $caps[] = 'edit_theme_options';
+               break;
+       case 'delete_site':
+               $caps[] = 'manage_options';
+               break;
        default:
                // Handle meta capabilities for custom post types.
-               $post_type_meta_caps = _post_type_meta_capabilities();
+               global $post_type_meta_caps;
                if ( isset( $post_type_meta_caps[ $cap ] ) ) {
                        $args = array_merge( array( $post_type_meta_caps[ $cap ], $user_id ), $args );
                        return call_user_func_array( 'map_meta_cap', $args );
@@ -1188,16 +409,40 @@ function map_meta_cap( $cap, $user_id ) {
                $caps[] = $cap;
        }
 
-       return apply_filters('map_meta_cap', $caps, $cap, $user_id, $args);
+       /**
+        * Filters a user's capabilities depending on specific context and/or privilege.
+        *
+        * @since 2.8.0
+        *
+        * @param array  $caps    Returns the user's actual capabilities.
+        * @param string $cap     Capability name.
+        * @param int    $user_id The user ID.
+        * @param array  $args    Adds the context to the cap. Typically the object ID.
+        */
+       return apply_filters( 'map_meta_cap', $caps, $cap, $user_id, $args );
 }
 
 /**
- * Whether current user has capability or role.
+ * Whether the current user has a specific capability.
+ *
+ * While checking against particular roles in place of a capability is supported
+ * in part, this practice is discouraged as it may produce unreliable results.
+ *
+ * Note: Will always return true if the current user is a super admin, unless specifically denied.
  *
  * @since 2.0.0
  *
- * @param string $capability Capability or role name.
- * @return bool
+ * @see WP_User::has_cap()
+ * @see map_meta_cap()
+ *
+ * @param string $capability Capability name.
+ * @param int    $object_id  Optional. ID of the specific object to check against if `$capability` is a "meta" cap.
+ *                           "Meta" capabilities, e.g. 'edit_post', 'edit_user', etc., are capabilities used
+ *                           by map_meta_cap() to map to other "primitive" capabilities, e.g. 'edit_posts',
+ *                           'edit_others_posts', etc. Accessed via func_get_args() and passed to WP_User::has_cap(),
+ *                           then map_meta_cap().
+ * @return bool Whether the current user has the given capability. If `$capability` is a meta cap and `$object_id` is
+ *              passed, whether the current user has the given meta capability for the given object.
  */
 function current_user_can( $capability ) {
        $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
@@ -1212,30 +457,36 @@ function current_user_can( $capability ) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Whether current user has a capability or role for a given blog.
+ * Whether current user has a capability or role for a given site.
  *
  * @since 3.0.0
  *
- * @param int $blog_id Blog ID
+ * @param int    $blog_id    Site ID.
  * @param string $capability Capability or role name.
  * @return bool
  */
 function current_user_can_for_blog( $blog_id, $capability ) {
+       $switched = is_multisite() ? switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) : false;
+
        $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
 
-       if ( empty( $current_user ) )
+       if ( empty( $current_user ) ) {
+               if ( $switched ) {
+                       restore_current_blog();
+               }
                return false;
-
-       // Create new object to avoid stomping the global current_user.
-       $user = new WP_User( $current_user->ID) ;
-
-       // Set the blog id. @todo add blog id arg to WP_User constructor?
-       $user->for_blog( $blog_id );
+       }
 
        $args = array_slice( func_get_args(), 2 );
        $args = array_merge( array( $capability ), $args );
 
-       return call_user_func_array( array( &$user, 'has_cap' ), $args );
+       $can = call_user_func_array( array( $current_user, 'has_cap' ), $args );
+
+       if ( $switched ) {
+               restore_current_blog();
+       }
+
+       return $can;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1251,15 +502,15 @@ function author_can( $post, $capability ) {
        if ( !$post = get_post($post) )
                return false;
 
-       $author = new WP_User( $post->post_author );
+       $author = get_userdata( $post->post_author );
 
-       if ( empty( $author->ID ) )
+       if ( ! $author )
                return false;
 
        $args = array_slice( func_get_args(), 2 );
        $args = array_merge( array( $capability ), $args );
 
-       return call_user_func_array( array( &$author, 'has_cap' ), $args );
+       return call_user_func_array( array( $author, 'has_cap' ), $args );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1273,7 +524,7 @@ function author_can( $post, $capability ) {
  */
 function user_can( $user, $capability ) {
        if ( ! is_object( $user ) )
-               $user = new WP_User( $user );
+               $user = get_userdata( $user );
 
        if ( ! $user || ! $user->exists() )
                return false;
@@ -1281,63 +532,65 @@ function user_can( $user, $capability ) {
        $args = array_slice( func_get_args(), 2 );
        $args = array_merge( array( $capability ), $args );
 
-       return call_user_func_array( array( &$user, 'has_cap' ), $args );
+       return call_user_func_array( array( $user, 'has_cap' ), $args );
 }
 
 /**
- * Retrieve role object.
+ * Retrieves the global WP_Roles instance and instantiates it if necessary.
  *
- * @see WP_Roles::get_role() Uses method to retrieve role object.
- * @since 2.0.0
+ * @since 4.3.0
  *
- * @param string $role Role name.
- * @return object
+ * @global WP_Roles $wp_roles WP_Roles global instance.
+ *
+ * @return WP_Roles WP_Roles global instance if not already instantiated.
  */
-function get_role( $role ) {
+function wp_roles() {
        global $wp_roles;
 
-       if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) )
+       if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) ) {
                $wp_roles = new WP_Roles();
+       }
+       return $wp_roles;
+}
 
-       return $wp_roles->get_role( $role );
+/**
+ * Retrieve role object.
+ *
+ * @since 2.0.0
+ *
+ * @param string $role Role name.
+ * @return WP_Role|null WP_Role object if found, null if the role does not exist.
+ */
+function get_role( $role ) {
+       return wp_roles()->get_role( $role );
 }
 
 /**
  * Add role, if it does not exist.
  *
- * @see WP_Roles::add_role() Uses method to add role.
  * @since 2.0.0
  *
  * @param string $role Role name.
  * @param string $display_name Display name for role.
  * @param array $capabilities List of capabilities, e.g. array( 'edit_posts' => true, 'delete_posts' => false );
- * @return null|WP_Role WP_Role object if role is added, null if already exists.
+ * @return WP_Role|null WP_Role object if role is added, null if already exists.
  */
 function add_role( $role, $display_name, $capabilities = array() ) {
-       global $wp_roles;
-
-       if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) )
-               $wp_roles = new WP_Roles();
-
-       return $wp_roles->add_role( $role, $display_name, $capabilities );
+       if ( empty( $role ) ) {
+               return;
+       }
+       return wp_roles()->add_role( $role, $display_name, $capabilities );
 }
 
 /**
  * Remove role, if it exists.
  *
- * @see WP_Roles::remove_role() Uses method to remove role.
  * @since 2.0.0
  *
  * @param string $role Role name.
- * @return null
  */
 function remove_role( $role ) {
-       global $wp_roles;
-
-       if ( ! isset( $wp_roles ) )
-               $wp_roles = new WP_Roles();
-
-       return $wp_roles->remove_role( $role );
+       wp_roles()->remove_role( $role );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1345,7 +598,7 @@ function remove_role( $role ) {
  *
  * @since 3.0.0
  *
- * @uses $super_admins Super admins global variable, if set.
+ * @global array $super_admins
  *
  * @return array List of super admin logins
  */
@@ -1367,12 +620,12 @@ function get_super_admins() {
  * @return bool True if the user is a site admin.
  */
 function is_super_admin( $user_id = false ) {
-       if ( $user_id )
-               $user = new WP_User( $user_id );
-       else
+       if ( ! $user_id || $user_id == get_current_user_id() )
                $user = wp_get_current_user();
+       else
+               $user = get_userdata( $user_id );
 
-       if ( ! $user->exists() )
+       if ( ! $user || ! $user->exists() )
                return false;
 
        if ( is_multisite() ) {
@@ -1386,3 +639,99 @@ function is_super_admin( $user_id = false ) {
 
        return false;
 }
+
+/**
+ * Grants Super Admin privileges.
+ *
+ * @since 3.0.0
+ *
+ * @global array $super_admins
+ *
+ * @param int $user_id ID of the user to be granted Super Admin privileges.
+ * @return bool True on success, false on failure. This can fail when the user is
+ *              already a super admin or when the `$super_admins` global is defined.
+ */
+function grant_super_admin( $user_id ) {
+       // If global super_admins override is defined, there is nothing to do here.
+       if ( isset( $GLOBALS['super_admins'] ) || ! is_multisite() ) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Fires before the user is granted Super Admin privileges.
+        *
+        * @since 3.0.0
+        *
+        * @param int $user_id ID of the user that is about to be granted Super Admin privileges.
+        */
+       do_action( 'grant_super_admin', $user_id );
+
+       // Directly fetch site_admins instead of using get_super_admins()
+       $super_admins = get_site_option( 'site_admins', array( 'admin' ) );
+
+       $user = get_userdata( $user_id );
+       if ( $user && ! in_array( $user->user_login, $super_admins ) ) {
+               $super_admins[] = $user->user_login;
+               update_site_option( 'site_admins' , $super_admins );
+
+               /**
+                * Fires after the user is granted Super Admin privileges.
+                *
+                * @since 3.0.0
+                *
+                * @param int $user_id ID of the user that was granted Super Admin privileges.
+                */
+               do_action( 'granted_super_admin', $user_id );
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Revokes Super Admin privileges.
+ *
+ * @since 3.0.0
+ *
+ * @global array $super_admins
+ *
+ * @param int $user_id ID of the user Super Admin privileges to be revoked from.
+ * @return bool True on success, false on failure. This can fail when the user's email
+ *              is the network admin email or when the `$super_admins` global is defined.
+ */
+function revoke_super_admin( $user_id ) {
+       // If global super_admins override is defined, there is nothing to do here.
+       if ( isset( $GLOBALS['super_admins'] ) || ! is_multisite() ) {
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Fires before the user's Super Admin privileges are revoked.
+        *
+        * @since 3.0.0
+        *
+        * @param int $user_id ID of the user Super Admin privileges are being revoked from.
+        */
+       do_action( 'revoke_super_admin', $user_id );
+
+       // Directly fetch site_admins instead of using get_super_admins()
+       $super_admins = get_site_option( 'site_admins', array( 'admin' ) );
+
+       $user = get_userdata( $user_id );
+       if ( $user && 0 !== strcasecmp( $user->user_email, get_site_option( 'admin_email' ) ) ) {
+               if ( false !== ( $key = array_search( $user->user_login, $super_admins ) ) ) {
+                       unset( $super_admins[$key] );
+                       update_site_option( 'site_admins', $super_admins );
+
+                       /**
+                        * Fires after the user's Super Admin privileges are revoked.
+                        *
+                        * @since 3.0.0
+                        *
+                        * @param int $user_id ID of the user Super Admin privileges were revoked from.
+                        */
+                       do_action( 'revoked_super_admin', $user_id );
+                       return true;
+               }
+       }
+       return false;
+}